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Table 3 Fitted random intercept models for child health outcomes, BFHS 2007

From: Household composition and child health in Botswana

 

Stunting

Diarrhoea

   

95% CI

    

95% CI

 

Variable

Coef.

S.E.

OR

Lower

Upper

p-value

Coef.

S.E.

OR

Lower

Upper

p-value

Fixed Part

 Intercept

−1.791

0.375

0.167

0.080

0.348

***

−0.284

0.434

0.753

0.322

1.762

 

Parent (s) in a household

 Both parents (ref.)

 Mother only

0.055

0.154

1.057

0.781

1.429

 

−0.431

0.176

0.650

0.460

0.918

**

 Father only

0.000

0.200

1.000

0.676

1.480

 

0.287

0.191

1.332

0.916

1.937

 

 No parents

0.419

0.181

1.520

1.066

2.168

**

−0.480

0.215

0.619

0.406

0.943

**

Other household members

 Grandparent

−0.253

0.241

0.776

0.484

1.245

 

0.173

0.168

1.189

0.855

1.652

 

 Aunt

−0.297

0.132

0.743

0.574

0.962

**

0.103

0.157

1.108

0.815

1.508

 

 Uncle

0.147

0.160

1.158

0.847

1.585

 

−0.305

0.187

0.737

0.511

1.063

 

 Other relatives

−0.348

0.191

0.706

0.486

1.027

*

−0.092

0.229

0.912

0.582

1.429

 

 not related

0.367

0.182

1.443

1.010

2.062

**

−0.265

0.237

0.767

0.482

1.221

 

Household wealth

 Poorest (ref.)

 Second

0.100

0.151

1.105

0.822

1.486

 

−0.136

0.181

0.873

0.612

1.245

 

 Middle

−0.253

0.194

0.776

0.531

1.136

 

−0.271

0.232

0.763

0.484

1.202

 

 Fourth

−0.594

0.213

0.552

0.364

0.838

***

−0.394

0.248

0.674

0.415

1.096

 

 Richest

−0.917

0.248

0.400

0.246

0.650

***

−1.367

0.321

0.255

0.136

0.478

***

Household size (persons)

 2–3 persons (ref.)

 4–6 persons

−0.069

0.193

0.933

0.639

1.362

 

−0.024

0.233

0.976

0.618

1.541

 

 7+ persons

0.063

0.219

1.065

0.693

1.636

 

−0.035

0.263

0.966

0.577

1.617

 

Number of children aged less than five years

 1 (ref.)

 2

0.159

0.130

1.172

0.909

1.513

 

−0.103

0.156

0.902

0.664

1.225

 

 3–4

0.228

0.169

1.256

0.902

1.749

 

0.117

0.197

1.124

0.764

1.654

 

 5–6

0.770

0.516

2.160

0.786

5.938

 

−0.558

0.772

0.572

0.126

2.599

 

Region

 North (ref.)

 South

0.156

0.224

1.169

0.753

1.813

 

−0.153

0.259

0.858

0.517

1.426

 

 West

0.343

0.217

1.409

0.921

2.156

 

0.136

0.246

1.146

0.707

1.856

 

 East & North East

0.521

0.277

1.684

0.978

2.898

*

−0.430

0.335

0.651

0.337

1.254

 

 Central

0.281

0.201

1.324

0.893

1.964

 

−0.184

0.232

0.832

0.528

1.311

 

Residence

 City/town (ref.)

 Urban Village

−0.004

0.222

0.996

0.645

1.539

 

−0.440

0.258

0.644

0.388

1.068

*

 Rural

−0.018

0.228

0.982

0.628

1.536

 

−0.496

0.271

0.609

0.358

1.036

*

Child’s sex

 Female (ref.)

 Male

0.360

0.103

1.433

1.171

1.754

***

−0.137

0.123

0.872

0.685

1.110

 

Child’s age (months)

 Age

0.078

0.013

1.081

1.054

1.109

***

0.012

0.015

1.012

0.983

1.042

 

 Age^2

−0.002

0.000

0.998

0.998

0.998

***

−0.001

0.000

0.999

0.999

0.999

***

Interactions

 Both parents*grandparent (ref.)

 Motheronly*grandparent

0.694

0.366

2.002

0.977

4.102

*

      

 Fatheronly*grandparent

0.498

0.359

1.645

0.814

3.326

       

 Noparents*grandparent

−0.529

0.388

0.589

0.275

1.260

       

Random Part

 Level 3: ea

  Cons/cons

0.127

0.073

1.135

0.984

1.310

*

0.150

0.100

1.162

0.955

1.413

 

 Level 2: HHId

  Cons/cons

0.703

0.161

2.020

1.473

2.769

***

0.922

0.225

2.514

1.618

3.908

***

 Level 1: ChildId

  Bcons.1/bcons.1

1.000

0.000

2.718

2.718

2.718

 

1.000

0.000

2.718

2.718

2.718

 

 Statistics

  EA. level VPC (%)

3.08

     

3.44

     

  Household-level VPC (%)

17.06

     

21.14

     

  Units: EA

298

     

298

     

  Units: HHId

1804

     

1892

     

  Units: ChildId

2531

     

2713

     
  1. Variable ‘parent (s) in a household’ is a categorical variable with four levels, and both parents is the reference category. The variables ‘other house members’ are each dummy (1 for the presence of a household member and 0 for the absence of the household member). ref. reference category. Coef. Coefficient, S.E Standard error, EA Enumeration area, VPC Variance partition coefficient; cons/cons = residual variance at a particular level; OR odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval
  2. Legend: * p < .1; ** p < .05; *** p < .01