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Table 2 Means, standard deviation, percent change and effect size for PACE and Calorie-Label groups

From: Physical activity calorie expenditure (PACE) labels in worksite cafeterias: effects on physical activity

Outcome

PACE-Label Group

Calorie-Label Group

Group Change

P-value for intervention effect (GRP x YEAR)

P-value for moderator effects (GRP x YEAR x Moderator)

Year 1

Year 2

% Diff

Year 1

Year 2

% Diff

% Diff chg

Effect size

NO COV

With COV

Sex

Educ

Inc

Race

PA tertiles

Self-Report

 Strength training (times per week)

1.2 (1.9)

1.5 (2.0)

24.6

1.5 (2.0)

1.4 (1.9)

−1.7

26.3

0.20

0.16

0.18

0.28

0.18

0.04

0.21

< 0.001

 MVPA minutes (per week)

195.5 (184.5)

218.0 (220.6)

11.6

205.4 (201.5)

201.2 (188.2)

−2.1

13.3

0.14

0.11

0.09

0.70

0.17

0.31

0.004

< 0.001

 Exercise minutes (per week)

104.7 (126.9)

124.4 (152.1)

18.8

118.9 (146.3)

115.0 (139.9)

−3.3

20.9

0.17

0.063

0.058

0.57

0.24

0.31

0.006

< 0.001

Accelerometer

 Steps (per day)

4816 (1628)

4841 (1892)

0.5

5411 (2168)

5190 (1919)

−4.1

4.8

0.12

0.10

0.11

0.68

0.197

0.197

0.164

< 0.001

 Sedentary minutes (per day)

620.7 (49.5)

620.0 (55.9)

−0.1

607.7 (54.9)

614.8 (44.6)

1.2

−1.3

−0.15

0.10

0.10

0.56

0.74

0.035

0.075

< 0.001

 MVPA minutes (per day)

18.0 (12.6)

18.7 (14.6)

3.7

19.6 (14.3)

19.2 (13.7)

−2.2

5.8

0.08

0.29

0.34

0.095

0.38

0.14

0.37

0.074

 MVPA bout minutes (per day)

8.8 (12.3)

9.2 (12.2)

4.2

10.6 (13.1)

9.8 (12.2)

−7.5

11.8

0.09

0.30

0.28

0.16

0.47

0.20

0.26

0.001

  1. Year 1: baseline year; Year 2: intervention year (PACE labels displayed)
  2. %Diff = ((Y2 – Y1)/Y1)*100
  3. Effect Size = ((PACE Y2 – PACE Y1) – (Calorie Y2 - Calorie Y1))/(Pooled std. Y1)
  4. %Diff Change = (PACE %Diff) - (Calorie %Diff)
  5. With Covariates (COV): age, sex, race, education, and income