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Table 3 Associations between background variables at baseline and CMP at baseline (n = 221) based on logistic regression analysis

From: Worse health status, sleeping problems, and anxiety in 16-year-old students are associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain at three-year follow-up

Baseline variables

Model 1

No CMP at baseline = 0

(n = 169)

CMP at baseline = 1

(n = 52)

Model 2

No CMP at baseline = 0

(n = 169)

CMP at baseline = 1

(n = 52)

OR

(95% CI; p-value)

OR

(95% CI; p-value)

Sex

 Boys

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Girls

1.50

(0.77–2.95; p = 0.237)

0.86

(0.39–1.89; p = 0.71)

EQ-5D

 EQ-5D ≥ 0.85

1.00

 

1.00

 

 EQ-5D < 0.85

5.04

(2.59–9.80; p < 0.001)

3.61

(1.76–7.41; p < 0.001)

Problems initiating sleep

 None to moderate

1.00

   

 Severe to very severe

2.51

(1.09–5.77; p = 0.030)

  

Problems maintaining sleep

 None to moderate

1.00

   

 Severe to very severe

1.79

(0.57–5.65; p = 0.318)

  

Problems with early morning awakening

 None to moderate

1.00

   

 Severe to very severe

2.37

(0.85–6.61; p = 0.099)

  

Problems with non-restorative sleep

 None to moderate

1.00

   

 Severe to very severe

3.69

(1.91–7.13; p < 0.001)

  

Severe sleeping problems

 No severe sleeping problems

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Severe sleeping problems

3.06

(1.61–5.83; p = 0.001)

1.81

(0.86–3.81; p = 0.121)

Stress

 Points 1–3

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Points 4–5

2.36

(1.17–4.75; p = 0.016)

0.79

(0.31–2.01; p = 0.617)

HADS anxiety

 Non-cases

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Possible cases

3.42

(1.55–7.57; p = 0.002)

2.60

(1.08–6.30; p = 0.034)

 Probable cases

6.49

(2.63–16.02; p < 0.001)

3.32

(1.02–10.84; p = 0.047)

HADS depression

 Non-cases

1.00

   

 Possible cases

2.76

(1.09–7.01; p = 0.033)

  

 Probable cases

1.83

(0.16–20.90; p = 0.625)

  

IPAQ

 Low

1.00

   

 Moderate

0.79

(0.27–2.33; p = 0.668)

  

 High

1.60

(0.62–4.09; p = 0.331)

  
  1. Model 1: A logistic regression analysis in which variables were controlled for sex but otherwise included separately in the analysis
  2. Model 2: A multiple logistic regression analysis. R2 (Nagelkerke) = 0.233 for full model
  3. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval