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Table 1 Results for health status, sleep, stress, HADS, and IPAQ for all students and for boys and girls separately at baseline and at follow-up. Results were analyzed with Student’s t-test and are presented as mean ± SD

From: Worse health status, sleeping problems, and anxiety in 16-year-old students are associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain at three-year follow-up

 

Baseline

Follow-up

All (n = 256) Mean ± SD

Boys (n = 87) Mean ± SD

Girls (n = 169) Mean ± SD

Boys vs. girls p-value

All (n = 174) Mean ± SD

Boys (n = 56) Mean ± SD

Girls (n = 118) Mean ± SD

Boys vs. girls p-value

Health statusa

 EQ-5D (0.00–1.00)

0.84 ± 0.18

0.87 ± 0.17

0.83 ± 0.18

0.051

0.84 ± 0.20

0.89 ± 0.20

0.81 ± 0.19

0.022

 NRS-11 (0–100)

78.1 ± 17.4

82.6 ± 15.4

75.8 ± 17.9

0.003

78.0 ± 17.6

82.7 ± 17.6

75.8 ± 17.3

0.015

Sleeping problemsb (1–5)

 Initiating sleep

2.2 ± 1.1

1.9 ± 1.0

2.4 ± 1.0

<  0.001

2.1 ± 1.0

2.0 ± 1.1

2.2 ± 1.0

0.249

 Maintaining sleep

1.7 ± 1.0

1.4 ± 0.8

1.8 ± 1.0

0.007

1.9 ± 1.1

1.7 ± 1.0

2.0 ± 1.2

0.088

 Early awakening

1.6 ± 1.0

1.6 ± 1.0

1.7 ± 1.0

0.843

1.7 ± 1.0

1.6 ± 1.0

1.8 ± 1.1

0.400

 Non-restorative sleep

2.7 ± 1.2

2.6 ± 1.3

2.7 ± 1.2

0.704

2.8 ± 1.2

2.9 ± 1.2

2.8 ± 1.1

0.622

Stressb (1–5)

2.5 ± 1.3

2.2 ± 1.2

2.7 ± 1.2

0.007

2.7 ± 1.2

2.4 ± 1.2

2.8 ± 1.2

0.072

HADSb (0–21)

 Anxiety

6.8 ± 3.5

5.8 ± 3.0

7.3 ± 3.7

<  0.001

7.1 ± 3.8

6.4 ± 4.2

7.5 ± 3.6

0.075

 Depression

3.7 ± 2.7

3.5 ± 2.6

3.8 ± 2.8

0.489

3.6 ± 3.1

3.7 ± 2.8

3.6 ± 3.2

0.877

IPAQc

 Walking

553 ± 624

459 ± 558

602 ± 652

0.083

611 ± 622

607 ± 635

612 ± 619

0.964

 MPA

547 ± 622

573 ± 618

534 ± 625

0.634

614 ± 634

824 ± 763

516 ± 540

0.009

 VPA

1689 ± 1468

2451 ± 1579

1292 ± 1237

<  0.001

1784 ± 1496

2751 ± 1599

1334 ± 1210

<  0.001

 Total PA

2790 ± 2111

3483 ± 2117

2428 ± 2021

<  0.001

3009 ± 2134

4182 ± 2218

2462 ± 1864

<  0.001

 Sitting minutes per day

414 ± 221

426 ± 226

409 ± 219

0.562

522 ± 218

491 ± 216

536 ± 218

0.201

  1. a Scored from worst to best
  2. b Scored from best to worst
  3. c Walking, moderate physical activity (MPA), vigorous physical activity (VPA), and total physical activity (Total PA) as metabolic equivalent of task (MET) minutes per week