Child diet and health outcomes of the simple suppers program: a 10-week, 2-group quasi-experimental family meals trial

Gunther, Carolyn; Rogers, Catherine; Holloman, Christopher; Hopkins, Laura C.; Anderson, Sarah E.; Miller, Carla K.; Copeland, Kristen A.; Dollahite, Jamie S.; Pratt, Keeley J.; Webster, Alison; Labyk, Allison N.; Penicka, Christine

doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7930-7

Table 4 Within Group Differences among Simple Suppers Intervention Child Participants (4- to 10-Years Old) in Food Preparation Skills according to Age Group at Baseline (T0), Post-Intervention (T1), and Follow-Up (T2)

From: Child diet and health outcomes of the simple suppers program: a 10-week, 2-group quasi-experimental family meals trial

Food Preparation Skills	T0	Δ T0 to T1	P-value^b	Δ T1 to T2	P-value^b	Δ T0 to T2	P-value^b
4–5 year old^a, mean (SD)
Set dinner table	2.93 (1.0)	0.71 (0.6)	0.04	0.07 (0.8)	0.34	0.78 (0.9)	0.04
Wipe table	3.21 (0.6)	−0.15 (0.7)	0.58	0.17 (0.5)	0.50	0.32 (0.7)	0.30
Peel soft foods	3.14 (0.8)	0.57 (0.8)	0.01	0.05 (0.6)	0.59	0.62 (0.6)	0.02
Measure dry ingredients	2.29 (0.9)	1.00 (0.7)	0.01	−0.05 (0.7)	0.79	0.95 (0.9)	< 0.01
Measure liquid ingredients	2.31 (0.9)	0.92 (0.7)	0.02	0.24 (0.8)	0.19	1.16 (0.7)	< 0.001
Cut soft foods	2.54 (1.0)	0.84 (1.1)	0.01	0.09 (0.6)	0.99	0.93 (0.6)	0.02
Grease or spray pan	2.43 (1.0)	0.71 (0.9)	0.03	0.68 (0.7)	0.01	1.39 (0.6)	< 0.001
Wash hands	3.14 (0.7)	0.22 (0.6)	0.57	0.17 (1.0)	0.52	0.39 (0.8)	0.02
6–8 year old^a, mean (SD)
Set dinner table	2.82 (1.1)	0.64 (0.9)	0.04	0.30 (0.8)	0.10	0.94 (1.0)	0.04
Pour beverages	3.30 (0.7)	0.59 (0.4)	< 0.001	−0.10 (0.3)	0.67	0.49 (0.5)	0.02
Measure dry ingredients	2.68 (1.0)	0.84 (1.1)	< 0.01	−0.04 (0.5)	0.26	0.88 (0.7)	0.01
Measure liquid foods	2.68 (1.0)	0.92 (0.8)	< 0.001	−0.04 (0.7)	0.72	0.88 (0.9)	< 0.001
Crack eggs	2.64 (1.0)	1.00 (0.9)	< 0.001	−0.16 (0.4)	0.75	0.84 (0.6)	< 0.001
Grate cheese	2.14 (1.2)	1.05 (1.0)	< 0.01	0.06 (0.8)	0.06	1.11 (1.0)	< 0.001
Cut soft foods	2.96 (1.0)	0.65 (0.8)	< 0.001	0.11 (0.4)	0.67	0.76 (0.9)	< 0.01
Wash hands	3.21 (0.7)	0.66 (0.6)	< 0.001	−0.23 (0.6)	0.51	0.43 (0.6)	0.58
9–10 year old^a, mean (SD)
Follow a recipe	2.33 (1.4)	0.67 (1.1)	0.14	−0.09 (1.0)	0.99	0.58 (1.0)	0.39
Crack eggs	3.44 (0.7)	0.12 (0.5)	0.59	−0.06 (0.6)	0.98	0.06 (0.5)	0.34
Core and slice apple	2.22 (1.0)	0.88 (0.8)	0.12	0.09 (0.6)	0.62	0.98 (0.7)	0.05
Grate cheese	2.38 (1.1)	0.87 (0.9)	0.06	−0.03 (0.8)	0.62	0.84 (0.9)	0.02
Peel potatoes/other vegetable	2.33 (1.0)	0.89 (0.6)	0.07	−0.02 (0.9)	0.99	0.87 (0.8)	0.05
Cut chicken w/ knife/scissors	2.75 (0.9)	0.50 (0.8)	0.23	−0.52 (0.7)	0.37	−0.02 (0.8)	0.34
Use a food thermometer	2.29 (1.1)	1.14 (0.5)	0.07	−0.43 (0.8)	0.98	0.71 (1.0)	0.02
Wash hands	3.11 (0.6)	0.45 (0.6)	0.10	−0.01 (0.4)	0.36	0.44 (0.7)	0.68

^aThe stem statement was: “When we prepare food at home, my child is able to …”. Questions were situated on a 4-point scale (1 = Strongly Disagree (1 pt); 4 = Strongly Agree (4 pt)). A sum score was calculated (1–4)
^bDifferences examined using paired t-test
All p-values that are signicant (<0.05) are bolded.

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