Knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to antibiotic use among community members of the Rupandehi District in Nepal

Table 3 Odds ratios (ORs) of having better knowledge, more appropriate attitudes and better practices in relation to antibiotic use

Variables	Knowledge level			Attitudes level			Practices level
Variables	Crude OR^a (95% CI)	Adjusted OR^a (95% CI)	p = value	Crude OR^a (95% CI)	Adjusted OR^a (95% CI)	p = value	Crude OR^a (95% CI)	Adjusted OR^a (95% CI)	p = value
Gender
Male	0.973 (0.572, 1.657)	0.867 (0.404, 1.859)	0.714	1.709 (0.971, 3.009)	1.672 (0.844, 3.311)	0.141	0.487 (0.272, 0.870)	0.394 (0.187, 0.829)	0.014
Female	1	1	0.714	1	1	0.141	1	1	0.014
Area of Residence
Rural	0.321 (0.183, 0.562)	0.317 (0.149, 0.676)	0.003	0.517 (0.292, 0.915)	0.587 (0.095, 1.492)	0.119	0.336 (0.188, 0.601)	0.553 (0.281, 1.085)	0.085
Urban	1	1	0.003	1	1	0.119	1	1	0.085
Age Group (Yr.)
15–24	3.621 (1.341, 9.777)	0.271 (0.060, 1.212)	0.088	1.301 (0.475, 3.561)	0.376 (0.95, 1.492)	0.164	7.227 (2.579, 20.254)	1.272 (0.313, 5.163)	0.736
25–34	9.154 (3.880, 21.595)	2.714 (0.861, 8.558)	0.088	2.765 (1.262, 6.057)	1.377 (0.480, 3.945)	0.552	3.489 (1.479, 8.233)	1.027 (0.324, 3.256)	0.964
35–44	4.021 (1.902, 8.502)	1.837 (0.741, 4.558)	0.189	1.096 (0.525, 2.288)	0.669 (0.278, 1.611)	0.370	2.278 (1.024, 5.067)	1.089 (0.430, 2.756)	0.858
44+	1	1		1	1		1	1
Education Level
Below secondary level	0.093 (0.042, 0.207)	0.035 (0.010, 0.127)	< 0.001	0.152 (0.071, 0.323)	0.147 (0.053, 0.411)	< 0.001	0.093 (0.042, 0.207)	0.098 (0.033, 0.293)	< 0.001
High school & intermediate	0.143 (0.062, 0.331)	0.285 (0.090, 0.906)	0.033	0.332 (0.153, 0.721)	0.337 (0.140, 0.812)	0.015	0.143 (0.062, 0.331)	0.155 (0.061, 0.939)	< 0.001
Bachelor degree and above	1	1		1	1		1	1

OR: Odds ratio.
^aOR for included explanatory factors: adjusted with gender, residence, age and education
Reference categories: 1 and better or more appropriate
Respondents scoring higher than the median were assessed as having “better knowledge”, “more appropriate attitudes” and “better practices” relating to antibiotic use.

ISSN: 1471-2458