Sustained adherence to a Mediterranean diet and physical activity on all-cause mortality in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study: application of the g-formula

Table 2 Hazard ratios (HR) for all cause mortality from Cox models, for Mediterranean diet score (MDS) and physical activity (PA)^a

	Mediterranean Diet Score^b				Physical Activity Score^c
	HR	95% CI		P	HR	95% CI		P
Single time-point exposure (at T1)
Low	Ref				Ref
Medium	0.90	(0.82,	1.00)	0.051	0.84	(0.76,	0.92)	< 0.001
High	0.89	(0.77,	1.01)	0.078	0.78	(0.68,	0.88)	< 0.001
+ adjusting for previous MDS & PA (T0)
Low	Ref				Ref
Medium	0.92	(0.83,	1.03)	0.137	0.85	(0.77,	0.94)	0.002
High	0.92	(0.80,	1.07)	0.285	0.81	(0.70,	0.93)	0.003
Time-updated MDS & PA
Low	Ref				Ref
Medium	0.87	(0.78,	0.96)	0.005	0.74	(0.66,	0.83)	< 0.001
High	0.79	(0.69,	0.90)	0.001	0.69	(0.61,	0.79)	< 0.001
+ adjusting for previous MDS & PA
Low	Ref				Ref
Medium	0.88	(0.79,	0.97)	0.012	0.75	(0.67,	0.84)	< 0.001
High	0.81	(0.70,	0.93)	0.003	0.71	(0.62,	0.81)	< 0.001

^aMissing data were handled using multiple imputation. Study baseline is T1 (1995–1999), Initial cohort (MCCS) recruitment is T0 (1990–1994). ^bMDS groups: low (scores 0–3), medium (4–5) and high (6–9); ^cPhysical activity groups: low (e.g. walking twice a week or less), medium (e.g. jogging twice a week), high (e.g. running three or more times a week)

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