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Table 3 Univariate analysis of treatment perceptions by smartphone ownership among individuals receiving treatment for tuberculosis in San Diego, San Francisco, and New York City between 2015-2016a

From: Requiring smartphone ownership for mHealth interventions: who could be left out?

  

Owns a Smartphone?

 

Variable

Total

No

Yes

p valueb

Having a DOT worker come to watch me take my TB medication makes me feel…, n (%) c

    

Like I am not trustworthy

   

0.474

 No

143 (95.3%)

43 (93.5%)

100 (96.2%)

 

 Yes

7 (4.7%)

3 (6.5%)

4 (3.9%)

 

Cared for

   

0.001

 No

143 (95.3%)

40 (87.0%)

103 (99.0%)

 

 Yes

7 (4.7%)

6 (13.0%)

1 (1.0%)

 

I don’t mind it

   

0.117

 No

86 (57.3%)

22 (47.8%)

64 (61.5%)

 

 Yes

64 (42.7%)

24 (52.2%)

40 (38.5%)

 

Patronized

   

0.65

 No

145 (96.7%)

44 (95.7%)

101 (97.1%)

 

 Yes

5 (3.3%)

2 (4.4%)

3 (2.9%)

 

Embarrassed

   

0.84

 No

138 (92.0%)

42 (91.3%)

96 (92.3%)

 

 Yes

12 (8.0%)

4 (2.7%)

8 (5.3%)

 

Practice days needed to learn to use VDOT application, mean (SD)

1.8 (3.0)

1.5 (1.4)

1.9 (3.5)

0.591

Preferred monitoring method, n (%)

   

0.111

 VDOT

105 (84.0%)

34 (89.5%)

71 (81.6%)

 

 In-person DOT

1 (0.8%)

1 (2.6%)

0 (0.0%)

 

 No preference

19 (15.2%)

3 (7.9%)

16 (18.4%)

 

Rate the amount of contact with healthcare worker during VDOT, n (%)

   

0.034

 Too much

7 (5.6%)

0 (0.0%)

7 (8.0%)

 

 Just enough

112 (89.6)

34 (89.5%)

78 (89.7%)

 

Not enough

6 (4.8%)

4 (10.5%)

2 (2.3%)

 

Rate the ease of using VDOT, n (%)

   

0.691

 Very easy

97 (78.9%)

29 (76.3%)

68 (80.0%)

 

 Somewhat easy

22 (17.9%)

7 (18.4%)

15 (17.6%)

 

 Somewhat difficult

4 (3.3%)

2 (5.3%)

2 (3.4%)

 

Level of satisfaction with TB monitoring via VDOT, n (%)

   

0.679

 Very satisfied

87 (69.6%)

25 (65.8%)

62 (71.3%)

 

 Somewhat satisfied

23 (18.4%)

9 (23.7%)

14 (16.1%)

 

 Neutral/indifferent

6 (4.8%)

1 (2.6%)

5 (5.7%)

 

 Somewhat or very dissatisfied

9 (7.2%)

3 (7.9%)

6 (6.9%)

 
  1. aAbbreviations: VDOT, video directly observed therapy; DOT, directly observed therapy; TB, tuberculosis
  2. bP-values are based on Chi-square tests, Fisher’s Exact test, or Wilcoxon rank sum test and examine overall significance of differences between smartphone ownership within the groups.
  3. cThis variable was assessed at baseline prior to VDOT use. All other variables were assessed at follow-up after VDOT use