Table 5 Baseline socio-demography, physical characteristics and knowledge, attitudes and practice scores toward whole grains among children who enrolled in baseline recruitment (n = 83)
Total (n = 83) | Intervention (n = 40) | Control (n = 43) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age; mean ± SD | 10.6 ± 0.6 | 10.6 ± 0.6 | 10.6 ± 0.6 | 0.882 |
Sex | 0.219 | |||
Boys; n (%) | 44 (53.0) | 24 (60.0) | 20 (46.5) | |
Girls; n (%) | 39 (47.0) | 16 (40.0) | 23 (53.5) | |
Household income; mean ± SD | 3977.1 ± 1759.6 | 4467.5 ± 2229.5 | 3520.9 ± 993.7 | 0.159 |
Low (< RM2300); n (%) | 7 (8.4) | 4 (10.0) | 3 (7.0) | 0.134 |
Medium (RM2300-RM5599); n (%) | 67 (80.7) | 29 (72.5) | 38 (88.4) | |
High (≥RM5600); n (%) | 9 (10.9) | 7 (17.5) | 2 (4.6) | |
Physical characteristics | ||||
Weight (kg); mean ± SD | 47.0 ± 11.9 | 50.1 ± 13.5 | 44.1 ± 9.5 | 0.754 |
Height (cm); mean ± SD | 139.1 ± 7.2 | 141.3 ± 7.9 | 137.0 ± 5.9 | 0.533 |
BMI-for-age z-score; mean ± SD | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 0.106 |
Knowledge, attitudes and practices’ scores toward whole grain | ||||
Knowledge; mean ± SD | 6.8 ± 1.8 | 7.1 ± 1.8 | 6.4 ± 1.8 | 0.294 |
Attitudes; mean ± SD | 47.1 ± 6.5 | 45.7 ± 6.7 | 48.5 ± 6.1 | 0.538 |
Practices; mean ± SD | 16.7 ± 2.2 | 16.7 ± 1.9 | 16.8 ± 2.4 | 0.815 |