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Table 1 Characteristics of students who were and were not victims of cyberbullying

From: Cybervictimization among secondary students: social networking time, personality traits and parental education

 

Total Sample

n (%) / Mean (SD)

n = 765

Victims

n (%) / Mean (SD)

n = 305

Non-Victims

n (%) / Mean (SD)

n = 460

p-value a)

Effect Sizeb)

Age

14.99 (0.66)

14.95 (0.67)

15.03 (0.65)

0.110

 

Sex

   

0.040

−0.074

 Female

432 (56.5%)

186 (43.1%)

246 (56.9%)

  

 Male

333 (43.5%)

119 (35.7%)

214 (64.3%)

  

Mother’s education

   

0.096

 

 Less than primary

23 (4.4%)

12 (5.9%)

11 (3.4%)

  

 Only Primary

111 (21.1%)

52 (25.5%)

59 (18.4%)

  

 Secondary

225 (42.9%)

79 (38.7%)

146 (45.5%)

  

 University

166 (31.6%)

61 (29.9%)

105 (32.7%)

  

Father’s education

 Less than primary

26 (5.1%)

11 (5.5%)

15 (4.8%)

0.717

 

 Only Primary

122 (23.8%)

46 (23.0%)

76 (24.4%)

  

 Secondary

261 (51.0%)

107 (53.5%)

154 (49.4%)

  

 University

103 (20.1%)

36 (18.0%)

67 (21.5%)

  

Social network use and screen time

 Daily screen time, min

338 (288)

375 (306)

316 (274)

0.008

0.203

 Daily screen minutes, z-score

0 (1)

0.12 (1.06)

−0.076 (0.95)

  

 Daily social networks, min/week

338 (359)

390 (371)

308 (349)

0.002

0.228

 Daily social networks minutes, z-score

0 (1)

0.14 (1.035)

−0.86 (0.97)

  

Personality traits, z-score

 Openness

0 (1)

0.023 (1.024)

−0.021 (0.990)

0.561

 

 Conscientiousness

0 (1)

−0.124 (1.019)

0.080 (0.976)

0.007

0.314

 Extraversion

0 (1)

0.131 (1.041)

−0.074 (0.955)

0.006

−0.207

 Agreeableness

0 (1)

0.019 (1.044)

−0.007 (0.960)

0.730

 

 Emotional Instability

0 (1)

0.240 (1.045)

−0.167 (0.928)

< 0.001

−0.417

  1. a) Student’s t-test or Chi-square test. b) Effect size were estimated as Cramer’s V for categorical variables or d-Cohen’s d for continuous variables