Fig. 2

Results of the first round of the 2017 French presidential election for the two leading candidates, Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen in the 95 French departments. Administrative boundaries shapefiles were obtained from the Global Administrative Boundaries project (GADM) from UC Davis (https://gadm.org/index.html). Their data are freely available for academic use and creating maps for academic publishing is allowed. Choropleth map were then generated with the R 3.15 software (The R Core Team, Vienna Austria) and the ggplot2 package (Wickham, 2018, https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org) both open sources software