Skip to main content

Table 3 Estimated coefficients of varying coal-county effects

From: Factors influencing high respiratory mortality in coal-mining counties: a repeated cross-sectional study

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

General Modela

Model 1b

Model 2c

City Adjusted Modeld

Scott Check Modele

Intercept (c1)

4.134**

4.969***

5.028***

5.028***

5.088***

(2.39)

(3.13)

(3.59)

(3.67)

(3.60)

SES

Runemploy

0.020

0.020

   

(1.09)

(1.24)

   

Income

0.011

0.011*

   

(1.16)

(1.78)

   

Imetro

0.146**

0.092*

   

(2.43)

(1.88)

   

Irural

0.107*

0.079**

   

(1.80)

(2.22)

   

Health Access

bedper1000

0.0412***

0.041***

0.034***

0.034***

0.031***

(8.57)

(8.71)

(7.76)

(8.38)

(8.09)

hcenterper1000

−0.131

−0.157

−0.140

−0.140

−0.138

(−0.52)

(− 0.75)

(− 0.64)

(− 0.87)

(− 0.67)

doctorper1000

− 0.119***

− 0.143***

− 0.147***

− 0.147***

− 0.141***

(−3.02)

(−4.25)

(−5.92)

(−8.04)

(−5.79)

Rinsur

− 0.065***

− 0.070**

− 0.068***

−0.068***

− 0.065***

(− 3.84)

(− 4.12)

(− 4.08)

(− 4.15)

(− 3.73)

Rinsurd>2007

− 0.001*

− 0.002*

− 0.001*

−0.001*

− 0.001

(−1.88)

(−2.76)

(−1.84)

(−1.78)

(−1.16)

Risk Factor

Robesity

0.005

−0.002

0.010

0.010

−0.03

(0.38)

(−0.19)

(1.13)

(1.09)

(−0.37)

Rinactivity

−0.008

−0.006

− 0.005

−0.005

− 0.003

(−0.88)

(− 0.73)

(− 0.71)

(−0.72)

(− 0.48)

Rsmoking

0.035**

0.029**

0.026***

0.026**

0.027***

(2.52)

(1.97)

(2.64)

(2.45)

(2.71)

Coal Production

 Surface%

0.004***

0.003***

0.002***

0.002***

0.002***

(9.14)

(9.72)

(4.68)

(4.71)

(4.55)

Pseudo R2

0.0297

0.0296

0.0294

0.0294

0.0293

Log likelihood

−16,917

−16,918

−16,921

−16,921

−16,922

BIC

34,103.3

34,085.3

34,100.8

34,068.4

34,104.1

Number of observations

49,437

49,437

49,437

49,437

49,437

  1. z test statistic in parentheses * p < .1, ** p < .05, *** p < .01
  2. a General model: kept all vectors of SES, HA and HR variables in β0jt, c1jt and c2jt in Eq. (5) as the preliminary model
  3. b Model 1: removed all SES variables in the β0jt equation and all HR variables in the c2jt equation from the General model
  4. c Model 2: removed all SES variables in both β0jt and c1jt equations and all HR variables in the c2jt equation from the General model
  5. d City adjusted model: since there are independent cities that nest into counties in Virginia, we collapsed these cities into their belonging counties and adjusted the clustered structure of error terms in model 2 accordingly
  6. e Scott check model: provided that Scott County stop producing coal in 1996, we treated Scott County as an adjacent coal county instead of a coal-mining county to check sensitivity using model 2’s specification