The impact of an operation and management intervention on toilet usability in schools in the Philippines: a cluster randomised controlled trial

Table 4 Toilet usability and quality at baseline and endline among intervention and control schools

	n	Baseline	n	Endline	Difference	DiD Risk Ratio (95% CI)	p-value
Accessible
Control	131	84%	132	83%	-1%	0.92	p = 0.737
Intervention	124	85%	124	77%	-8%	(0.63 – 1.16)
ICC		0.211
Functional^a
Control	110	95%	109	88%	-7%	0.94	p = 0.271
Intervention	105	90%	95	89%	-1%	(0.85 – 1.05)
ICC		0.349
Private^b
Control	104	54%	95	54%	0%	0.80	p = 0.280
Intervention	96	54%	85	44%	-5%	(0.50 – 1.22)
ICC		0.211
High quality^b
Control	104	69%	96	64%	-5%	1.07	p = 0.660
Intervention	95	68%	85	73%	5%	(0.70 – 1.45)
Intervention		0.329
Usable^c
Control	131	30%	132	24%	-6%	0.86	p = 0.637
Intervention	124	29%	124	25%	-4%	(0.50 – 1.63)
ICC		0.149

^aFunctional was only assessed among toilets that were accessible
^bPrivacy and quality only assessed among toilets that were both accessible and functional
^cUsable defined as toilets that were accessible, functional, private and of high quality

ISSN: 1471-2458