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Table 4 Association between outcome variables (traffic injuries, traffic deaths and case fatality rate) and all predictor variables by the SDM

From: Economic development and road traffic injuries and fatalities in Thailand: an application of spatial panel data analysis, 2012–2016

Outcome variables

Predictor variables

Adjusted IRR

95% CI

P-value

Traffic injuries

GDP per capita—log Baht

1.307

1.147–1.489

< 0.001

Region (reference = Bangkok and its vicinity)

 • Central

1.341

0.830–2.166

0.230

 • Northeastern

1.564

0.832–2.937

0.165

 • Northern

1.907

0.970–3.749

0.061

 • Southern

0.785

0.439–1.404

0.414

Gasoline—log litre per capita

1.045

0.960–1.139

0.308

Accommodation and restaurant businesses—% GDP

0.997

0.992–1.002

0.196

Manufacturing and industry businesses—% GDP

0.994

0.990–0.998

0.002

Traffic deaths

GDP per capita—log Baht

1.238

1.044–1.469

0.014

Region (reference = Bangkok and its vicinity)

 • Central

2.164

1.557–3.008

< 0.001

 • Northeastern

1.887

1.246–2.857

0.003

 • Northern

2.198

1.499–3.225

< 0.001

 • Southern

1.667

0.573–4.847

0.348

Gasoline—log litre per capita

1.090

1.001–1.187

0.047

Accommodation and restaurant businesses—% GDP

0.996

0.988–1.004

0.345

Manufacturing and industry businesses—% GDP

0.999

0.994–1.004

0.678

Case fatality rate

GDP per capita—log Baht

0.971

0.789–1.194

0.779

Region (reference = Bangkok and its vicinity)

 • Central

1.550

0.991–2.423

0.055

 • Northeastern

1.223

0.732–2.044

0.443

 • Northern

1.141

0.622–2.095

0.430

 • Southern

1.983

0.393–10.012

0.407

Gasoline—log litre per capita

1.000

0.876–1.142

0.999

Accommodation and restaurant businesses—% GDP

0.997

0.992–1.003

0.331

Manufacturing and industry businesses—% GDP

1.006

1.001–1.012

0.027

  1. The Global Moran’s I statistics between 2012 and 2016 equated 0.394 (p-value < 0.001), 0.383 (p-value < 0.001), 0.385 (p-value < 0.001), 0.336 (p-value < 0.001) and 0.303 (p-value < 0.001) in traffic injuries; equated 0.333 (p-value < 0.001), 0.286 (p-value < 0.001), 0.256 (p-value < 0.001), 0.259 (p-value < 0.001) and 0.289 (p-value < 0.001) in traffic deaths; and equated 0.300 (p-value < 0.001), 0.313 (p-value < 0.001), 0.222 (p-value = 0.001), 0.222 (p-value = 0.001), and 0.288 (p-value < 0.001) in case fatality rate; 95% CI 95% confidence interval, IRR Incidence rate ratio