Neighborhood green spaces, facilities and population density as predictors of activity participation among 8-year-olds: a cross-sectional GIS study based on the Norwegian mother and child cohort study

Emma Charlott Andersson Nordbø; Ruth Kjærsti Raanaas; Helena Nordh; Geir Aamodt

doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7795-9

BMC Public Health

Table 6 Adjusted associations between environmental characteristics and activity participation in boys from MoBa

From: Neighborhood green spaces, facilities and population density as predictors of activity participation among 8-year-olds: a cross-sectional GIS study based on the Norwegian mother and child cohort study

	Adjusted OR (95% CI) in boys (n = 10,932)
	≥ 5 h/week leisure-time PA (summer)		≥ 5 h/week leisure-time PA (winter)		Organized activities ≥2 days/week		Friends and peers ≥2 days/week
	Step 1^a	Step 2^b	Step 1^a	Step 2^b	Step1^a	Step 2^b	Step 1^a	Step 2^b
Total green space 800 m
≤13% (ref.)	NI	NI	1	1	1	1	1	1
13.1–29.9%			1.16 (1.04–1.29)*	1.16 (1.03–1.29)*	1.01 (0.90–1.14)	1.03 (0.91–1.16)	0.84 (0.73–0.98)*	0.82 (0.71–0.95)*
30.0–49.9%			1.15 (1.04–1.28)**	1.15 (1.03–1.28)*	0.93 (0.83–1.04)	0.97 (0.86–1.10)	0.89 (0.77–1.03)	0.92 (0.79–1.07)
≥50.0%			1.26 (1.13–1.40)**	1.25 (1.11–1.40)**	0.87 (0.78–0.98)*	0.95 (0.84–1.08)	0.69 (0.59–0.79)**	0.80 (0.68–0.93)**
P for trend			0.001	0.004	0.237	0.823	<0.001	0.002
Park within 800 m
No (ref.)	NI	NI	NI	NI	1	1	NI	NI
Yes					1.09 (0.97–1.22)	0.99 (0.87–1.12)
Park within 5000 m
No (ref.)	NI	NI	NI	NI	1	1	1	1
Yes					1.18 (1.09–1.29)**	1.07 (0.97–1.19)	1.54 (1.37–1.71)**	1.20 (1.05–1.37)**
Facilities/amenities 800 m
0 (ref.)	NI	NI	NI	NI	1	1	1	1
1					1.17 (1.05–1.31)**	1.11 (0.99–1.24)	1.31 (1.14–1.50)**	1.06 (0.92–1.22)
2–3					1.19 (1.07–1.34)**	1.09 (0.97–1.24)	1.44 (1.25–1.66)**	1.14 (0.97–1.33)
≥4					1.11 (0.97–1.27)	0.99 (0.86–1.15)	1.21 (1.03–1.42)**	0.96 (0.80–1.15)
P for trend					0.089	0.968	0.503	0.022
Facilities/amenities 5000 m
≤5 (ref.)	NI	NI	1	NE	1	NE	1	NE
6–14			0.99 (0.90–1.11)		1.10 (0.98–1.24)		1.44 (1.25–1.65)**
15–29			0.99 (0.88–1.10)		1.20 (1.06–1.35)**		1.82 (1.57–2.11)**
≥30			0.93 (0.83–1.04)		1.30 (1.16–1.47)**		1.51 (1.31–1.74)**
P for trend			0.862		0.001		0.920
Playgrounds/sports fields 800 m
≤1 (ref.)	1	NE	NI	NE	1	NE	1	NE
2–5	0.84 (0.73–0.96)*				1.24 (1.08–1.43)**		2.97 (2.52–3.52)**
6–10	0.92 (0.80–1.06)				1.23 (1.06–1.42)**		2.98 (2.51–3.54)**
≥11	0.87 (0.77–0.98)*				1.42 (1.26–1.60)**		3.09 (2.70–3.52)**
P for trend	<0.001				<0.001		<0.001
Playgrounds/sports fields 5000 m
≤35 (ref.)	NI	NI	1	NE	1	NE	1	NE
36–119			1.00 (0.89–1.11)		0.96 (0.86–1.08)		1.65 (1.43–1.90)**
120–419			0.89 (0.79–0.99)*		1.16 (1.03–1.31)*		2.04 (1.77–2.37)**
≥420			0.88 (0.78–0.98)*		1.30 (1.15–1.47)**		1.68 (1.45–1.94)**
P for trend			0.004		<0.001		<0.001
School within 800 m
No	NI	NI	NI	NI	1	1	1	1
Yes					1.18 (1.07–1.29)**	1.09 (0.99–1.21)	1.18 (1.06–1.33)**	0.98 (0.86–1.11)
School within 5000 m
No	NI	NI	NI	NI	1	1	1	1
Yes					1.24 (1.13–1.37)**	1.14 (1.02–1.28)*	1.50 (1.33–1.69)**	1.05 (0.92–1.21)
Population density 800 m
≤200 (ref.)	NI	–	1		1	–	1	–
201–799			0.98 (0.88–1.09)		1.11 (0.99–1.25)		2.26 (1.94–2.61)**
800–1649			0.94 (0.84–1.04)		1.27 (1.13–1.52)**		2.49 (2.15–2.88)**
≥1650			0.91 (0.82–1.02)		1.30 (1.15–1.47)**		1.74 (1.52–2.01)**
P for trend			0.537		0.031		0.617

Note: OR, odds ratio; PA, physical activity; NI, not included due to non-significance in bivariate models; NE, not estimated due to multicollinearity. *p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01
^aAdjusted for participation in after-school care, mother’s age and level of education
^bAdditional adjustment for population density

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