Neighborhood green spaces, facilities and population density as predictors of activity participation among 8-year-olds: a cross-sectional GIS study based on the Norwegian mother and child cohort study

Emma Charlott Andersson Nordbø; Ruth Kjærsti Raanaas; Helena Nordh; Geir Aamodt

doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7795-9

BMC Public Health

Table 4 Adjusted associations between environmental characteristics and activity participation in all children from MoBa

From: Neighborhood green spaces, facilities and population density as predictors of activity participation among 8-year-olds: a cross-sectional GIS study based on the Norwegian mother and child cohort study

	All children (n = 21,309) Adjusted OR (95% CI)
	≥ 5 h/week leisure-time PA (summer)		≥ 5 h/week leisure-time PA (winter)		Organized activities ≥2 days/week		Friends and peers ≥2 days/week
	Step 1^a	Step 2^b	Step 1^a	Step 2^b	Step 1^a	Step 2^b	Step 1^a	Step 2^b
Total green space 800 m
≤13% (ref.)	NI	NI	1	1	1	1	1	1
13.1–29.9%			1.15 (1.06–1.24)**	1.14 (1.05–1.23)**	1.02 (0.93–1.11)	1.02 (0.94–1.12)	0.87 (0.75–0.96)**	0.85 (0.76–0.95)**
30.0–49.9%			1.17 (1.08–1.26)**	1.15 (1.06–1.24)**	0.96 (0.88–1.04)	0.98 (0.90–1.07)	0.91 (0.82–1.02)	0.95 (0.85–1.07)
≥50.0%			1.27 (1.17–1.37)**	1.23 (1.13–1.33)**	0.89 (0.82–0.97)**	0.93 (0.85–1.02)	0.71 (0.64–0.79)**	0.83 (0.74–0.93)**
P for trend			< 0.001	0.002	0.164	0.813	< 0.001	0.001
Park within 800 m
No (ref.)	1	1	NI	NI	1	1	NI	NI
Yes	1.02 (0.95–1.11)	1.12 (1.03–1.22)**			1.06 (0.97–1.15)	1.00 (0.91–1.09)
Park within 5000 m
No (ref.)	NI	NI	NI	NI	1	1	1	1
Yes					1.09 (1.02–1.16)**	1.01 (0.94–1.09)	1.53 (1.42–1.65)**	1.21 (1.10–1.34)**
Facilities/amenities 800 m
0 (ref.)	NI	NI	NI	NI	1	1	1	1
1					1.17 (1.08–1.27)**	1.13 (1.04–1.22)**	1.33 (1.20–1.47)**	1.08 (0.97–1.20)
2–3					1.13 (1.05–1.23)**	1.09 (0.99–1.19)	1.43 (1.29–1.58)**	1.12 (1.00–1.26)
≥4					1.13 (1.03–1.25)**	1.08 (0.97–1.20)	1.19 (1.06–1.34)**	0.94 (0.82–1.07)
P for trend					0.009	0.205	0.214	0.005
Facilities/amenities 5000 m
≤5 (ref.)	NI	NI	NI	NI	1	NE	1	NE
6–14					0.99 (0.91–1.08)		1.41 (1.27–1.57)**
15–29					1.08 (0.99–1.18)		1.60 (1.43–1.78)**
≥30					1.17 (1.07–1.27)**		1.49 (1.34–1.65)**
P for trend					0.003		0.500
Playgrounds/sports fields 800 m
≤1 (ref.)	1	NE	1	NE	1	NE	1	NE
2–5	0.84 (0.76–0.93)**		0.84 (0.76–0.93)**		1.15 (1.04–1.27)**		2.78 (2.46–3.14)**
6–10	0.90 (0.81–1.00)		0.89 (0.80–0.98)*		1.17 (1.05–1.30)**		2.91 (2.56–3.29)**
≥11	0.80 (0.73–0.86)**		0.78 (0.72–0.85)**		1.29 (1.17–1.41)**		2.94 (2.67–3.24)**
P for trend	< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001
Playgrounds/sports fields 5000 m
≤35 (ref.)	NI	NI	NI	NI	1	NE	1	NE
36–119					0.93 (0.86–1.02)		1.76 (1.59–1.95)**
120–419					1.09 (0.99–1.19)		1.84 (1.66–2.04)**
≥420					1.17 (1.07–1.28)**		1.76 (1.58–1.95)**
P for trend					< 0.001		< 0.001
School within 800 m
No	1	1	NI	NI	1	1	1	1
Yes	0.89 (0.83–0.95)**	0.94 (0.88–1.01)			1.12 (1.05–1.20)**	1.08 (1.01–1.16)*	1.19 (1.10–1.30)**	0.99 (0.91–1.09)
School within 5000 m
No	NI	NI	NI	NI	1	1	1	1
Yes					1.17 (1.09–1.26)**	1.11 (1.03–1.21)*	1.63 (1.49–1.77)**	1.19 (1.08–1.32)**
Population density 800 m
≤200 (ref.)	NI	NI	NI	NI	1	–	1	–
201–799					1.05 (0.97–1.15)		2.28 (2.05–2.54)**
800–1649					1.20 (1.10–1.30)**		2.25 (2.03–2.50)**
≥1650					1.17 (1.07–1.27)**		1.80 (1.62–1.99)**
P for trend					0.413		0.027

Note: OR, odds ratio; PA, physical activity; NI, not included due to non-significance in bivariate models; NE, not estimated due to multicollinearity. *p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01
^aAdjusted for sex, participation in after-school care, mother’s age and level of education
^bAdditional adjustment for population density

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