Table 5 Follow up analyses to detect the source of differences

  ≤ 21.03 (n = 234)

2.56

2.70

2.71

2.90

2.80

3.40

3.46

3.60

3.50

  > 21.03 (n = 286)

2.52

2.72

2.70

2.84

2.80

3.50

3.40

3.60

3.50

 Effect size

.05

.03

.01

.09

.02

.14

.07

.01

.01

 (95% CI)

(−.07 to .13)

(−.12 to .08)

(−.09 to .10)

(−.04 to .15)

(−.11 to .09)

(−.02 to .25)

(−.08 to .20)

(−.12 to .14)

(−.12 to .14)

 Male (n = 247)

2.50

2.67

2.70

2.80*

2.73

3.44

3.32*

3.47*

3.43*

 Female (n = 273)

2.57

2.73

2.72

2.92*

2.85

3.52

3.51*

3.66*

3.62*

 Effect size

.12

.07

.04

.24

.21

.10

.24

.26

.26

 (95% CI)

(−.17 to .03)

(−.14 to .05)

(−.12 to .07)

(−.23 to −.04)

(−.22 to −.02)

(−.21 to .06)

(−.33 to −.06)

(−.31 to −.06)

(−.31 to −.06)

 Health-related (n = 308)

2.80**

2.90**

2.88**

3.01**

2.98**

3.74**

3.64**

3.77**

3.77**

 Non-health (n = 212)

2.16**

2.43**

2.47**

2.65**

2.52**

3.11**

3.04**

3.28**

3.17**

 Effect size

1.35

.92

.81

.66

.85

.84

.86

.68

.87

 (95% CI)

(.56 to .73)

(.39 to .57)

(.32 to .49)

(.26 to .45)

(.37 to .55)

(.49 to .75)

(.51 to .77)

(.36 to .61)

(.48 to .72)

 1st or 2nd year (n = 250)

2.52

2.70

2.71

2.85

2.77

3.47

3.39

3.54

3.47

  ≥ 3rd year (n = 270)

2.56

2.72

2.71

2.89

2.81

3.49

3.45

3.60

3.59

 Effect size

.07

.03

.01

.05

.06

.02

.07

.07

.16

 (95% CI)

(−.14 to .06)

(−.11 to .08)

(−.09 to .10)

(−.12 to .07)

(−.13 to .07)

(−.15 to .12)

(−.20 to .08)

(−.18 to .07)

(−.25 to .01)

 No (n = 385)

2.57

2.76**

2.75*

2.91*

2.86**

3.53

3.49*

3.63*

3.59*

 Yes (n = 135)

2.44

2.56**

2.60*

2.72*

2.60**

3.35

3.22*

3.40*

3.36*

 Effect size

.23

.29

.27

.95

.45

.23

.33

.31

.30

 (95% CI)

(.02 to .25)

(.09 to .31)

(.04 to .25)

(.08 to .30)

(.15 to .38)

(.03 to .34)

(.12 to .43.)

(.08 to .37)

(.08 to .37)