The association of dietary patterns and adherence to WHO healthy diet with metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: Tehran lipid and glucose study

Table 2 Dietary intake and percentage of children and adolescents complying with WHO healthy diet in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Dietary intakes	Recommendation	Compliers^* _(%)		Intake _{(mean ± SD)}		P^**
Dietary intakes	Recommendation	boys	girls	boys	girls	P^**
Total fat _{(% of Energy)}	15–30	42	36.6	32.1 ± 6.38	32.4 ± 7.39	0.71
SFA _{(% of Energy)}	< 10	34.3	41.2	11.2 ± 3.06	11.0 ± 3.07	0.38
PUFAs _{(% of Energy)}	6–10	51.9	50.6	6.52 ± 1.99	6.68 ± 2.40	0.47
n-6 PUFAs _{(% of Energy)}	5–8	48.6	49	5.73 ± 1.88	5.83 ± 2.23	0.61
n-3 PUFAs _{(% of Energy)}	1–2	1.1	1.2	0.49 ± 0.17	0.52 ± 0.32	0.34
Trans fatty acid _{(% of Energy)}	< 1	6.1	5.8	2.26 ± 1.03	2.20 ± 1.18	0.54
Cholesterol _(mg/day)	< 300	100	100	151 ± 26.4	154 ± 27.4	0.25
Total carbohydrate (% of Energy)	55–75	65.7	60.5	57.2 ± 6.58	56.8 ± 7.76	0.60
Fruits & vegetables _(g/day)	≥400	64.6	67.1	606 ± 429	595 ± 361	0.75
Total dietary fiber (g/day)	> 25	46.4	42.4	27.5 ± 15.2	25.3 ± 13.1	0.10
Free sugars _{(% of Energy)}	< 10	81.2	84.4	7.05 ± 3.93	6.84 ± 4.74	0.62
Protein _{(% of Energy)}	10–15	78.5	76.1	12.9 ± 2.07	13.2 ± 2.37	0.16
Salt _(g/day)	< 5	12.2	15.2	11.9 ± 7.69	12.2 ± 9.9	0.32

SFA: Saturated fatty acid, PUFA: Poly unsaturated fatty acids
^*Participants who met each component of the WHO healthy diet recommendations are complier of that component
^**P value: shown as difference of dietary intakes between genders using t-test