From: Determinants of shisha use among secondary school students in Sudan
 | Crude Model | Adjusted Model | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR CI 95% | P value | OR CI 95% | P value | |
City |  | < 0.001 |  | 0.048 |
 Khartoum | 1.17 (0.85–1.60) |  | 1.10 (0.77–1.57) |  |
 Omdurman | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Bahri | 1.83 (1.34–2.49) |  | 1.51 (1.09–2.10) |  |
Gender |  | < 0.001 |  | 0.754 |
 Male | 1.75 (1.33–2.30) |  | 1.06 (0.75–1.49) |  |
 Female | Ref |  | Ref |  |
Grade |  | < 0.001 |  | 0.179 |
 1st | 0.74 (0.53–1.04) |  | 1.0 (0.68–1.48) |  |
 2nd | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 3rd | 1.53 (1.13–2.08) |  | 1.33 (0.92–1.91) |  |
Daily allowance | – | < 0.013 | – | 0.744 |
Academic performance |  | < 0.001 |  | < 0.002 |
 Excellent | 1.50 (1.05–2.16) |  | 1.23 (0.82–1.84) |  |
 Very Good | 0.78 (0.58–1.07) |  | 0.72 (0.50–1.02) |  |
 Good | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Fair | 0.78 (0.42–1.42) |  | 0.60 (0.31–1.17) |  |
 Poor | 5.06 (1.97–13.0) |  | 2.90 (1.21–6.94) |  |
Family structure |  | < 0.016 |  | 0.147 |
 Father only | 2.23 (1.14–4.37) |  | 1.99 (0.96–4.16) |  |
 Mother only | 1.5 (1.04–2.17) |  | 1.22 (0.81–1.84) |  |
 Father and mother | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Others | 1.43 (0.93–2.22) |  | 1.41 (0.87–2.29) |  |
Parents smoking | – | 0.322 | – | – |
Friends smoking cigarettes |  | < 0.001 |  | < 0.01 |
 Yes | 2.20 (1.58–3.07) |  | 2.76 (1.90–4.01) |  |
 No | Ref |  | Ref |  |
Restriction of selling shisha to minors |  | < 0.002 |  | < 0.010 |
 I did not try to buy shisha | 1.36 (0.99–1.87) |  | 1.43 (1.03–1.99) |  |
 Yes | 2.49 (1.48–4.20) |  | 2.21 (1.28–3.82) |  |
 No | Ref |  | Ref |  |
Peer pressure to smoke Shisha |  | < 0.001 |  | < 0.01 |
 Yes | 11.46 (6.84–19.32) |  | 13.76 (7.86–24.07) |  |
 No | Ref |  | Ref |  |
Friends smoking shisha |  | < 0.001 |  | < 0.01 |
 Yes | 2.24 (1.58–3.17) |  | 2.39 (1.65–3.45) |  |
 No | Ref |  | Ref |  |