Attended at least one ANC visit N (%) | Did not attend ANC N (%) | P value for the overall difference among the categories | Factors associated with attending at least one antenatal care visit, univariate analysis OR (95% CI) | Factors associated with attending at least one antenatal care visit, multivariable analysis AOR (95% CI)g | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal age (years) | |||||
15–18 | 231 (7.2) | 54 (9.0) | < 0.0001 | Reference | Reference |
19–24 | 864 (27.1) | 101 (16.9) | 1.83 (1.25–2.67) | 1.27 (0.84–1.91) | |
25–34 | 1594 (50.0) | 316 (52.9) | 1.01 (0.72–1.42) | 1.26 (0.85–1.88) | |
35–49 | 498 (15.6) | 126 (21.1) | 0.884 (0.58–1.23) | 1.33 (0.84–2.10) | |
Ethnic group | |||||
Oromo | 2995 (93.9) | 552 (92.5) | 0.0113 | Reference | Reference |
Amhara | 66 (2.1) | 7 (1.2) | 1.11 (0.49–2.50) | 0.85 (0.35–1.95) | |
Other | 126 (3.9) | 38 (6.4) | 0.56 (0.37–0.84) | 0.58 (0.38–0.89) | |
Education level | |||||
No education | 1660 (52.1) | 441 (73.8) | < 0.0001 | Reference | Reference |
Primaryb | 1041 (32.6) | 132 (22.1) | 1.92 (1.55–2.39) | 1.47 (1.16–1.87) | |
Secondaryc or Higherd | 486 (15.2) | 24 (4.0) | 4.57 (2.96–7.05) | 2.38 (1.49–3.82) | |
Employment Status | |||||
Not Employede | 2510 (78.7) | 448 (75.0) | 0.0004 | Reference | Reference |
Self-employedf | 583 (18.3) | 143 (23.9) | 0.78 (0.63–0.97) | 0.79 (0.63–1.01) | |
Employed | 94 (2.9) | 6 (1.0) | 2.74 (1.16–6.45) | 1.68 (0.69–4.09) | |
Wealth | |||||
Poorest | 544 (17.1) | 214 (35.8) | 0.0001 | Reference | Reference |
Poorer | 649 (20.4) | 156 (26.1) | 1.45 (1.13–1.87) | 1.53 (1.17–1.99) | |
Middle | 614 (19.3) | 90 (15.1) | 2.319 (1.74–3.08) | 2.52 (1.87–3.39) | |
Wealthier | 665 (20.8) | 95 (15.9) | 2.27 (1.71–3.03) | 2.37 (1.76–3.19) | |
Wealthiest | 715 (22.4) | 42 (7.0) | 4.96 (3.39–7.23) | 4.29 (2.89–6.35) | |
Frequency of reading newspaper/ magazine | |||||
Not at all | 2936 (92.1) | 577 (96.6) | 0.0006 | Reference | Reference |
At least once a week | 203 (6.4) | 19 (3.2) | 1.84 (1.12–3.00) | 0.67 (0.38–1.18) | |
More than once a week | 48 (1.51) | 1 (0.2) | 11.64 (1.58–85.81) | 2.48 (0.31–19.56) | |
Frequency of listening to the radio | |||||
Not at all | 1373 (43.1) | 352 (58.9) | < 0.0001 | Reference | Reference |
At least once a week | 879 (27.6) | 124 (20.8) | 1.76 (1.39–2.22) | 1.27 (0.99–1.64) | |
More than once a week | 935 (29.3) | 121 (20.3) | 1.97 (1.56–2.49) | 1.28 (1.00–1.66) | |
Frequency of watching the TV | |||||
Not at all | 2783 (87.3) | 579 (96.9) | < 0.0001 | Reference | Reference |
At least once a week | 185 (5.8) | 13 (2.2) | 2.30 (1.29–4.21) | 1.39 (0.74–2.62) | |
More than once a week | 219 (6.9) | 5 (0.8) | 6.18 (2.50–15.28) | 2.98 (1.15–7.74) | |
Frequency of contact with HEW | |||||
Not at all | 2053 (64.4) | 461 (77.2) | < 0.0001 | Reference | Reference |
Less than once a month | 773 (24.2) | 98 (16.4) | 1.61 (1.26–2.05) | 1.69 (1.15–2.48) | |
One or more times a month | 361 (11.3) | 38 (6.4) | 1.86 (1.29–2.67) | 1.66 (1.27–2.13) | |
Decision-making about healthcare | |||||
Husband or family member | 874 (23.1) | 210 (5.5) | 0.0086 | Reference | Reference |
Self | 385 (12.1) | 76 (12.7) | 1.16 (0.86–1.57) | 1.10 (0.81–1.51) | |
Jointly with husband | 1928 (60.5) | 311 (52.1) | 1.45 (1.21–1.81) | 1.26 (1.02–1.56) | |
Household size | |||||
≤ 4 | 1155 (36.2) | 132 (22.1) | < 0.0001 | Reference | Reference |
5–8 | 1751 (54.9) | 374 (62.6) | 0.54 (0.44–0.67) | 0.87 (0.63–1.19) | |
≥ 9 | 281 (8.8) | 91 (15.2) | 0.43 (0.31–0.58) | 0.75 (0.45–1.26) | |
Number of children per household | |||||
≤ 3 | 1882 (59.0) | 244 (40.9) | < 0.0001 | Reference | Reference |
4–6 | 1159 (36.4) | 305 (51.1) | 0.51 (0.42–0.62) | 0.74 (0.55–1.00) | |
≥ 7 | 146 (4.6) | 48 (8.0) | 0.47 (0.33–0.68) | 0.76 (0.41–1.39) | |
Health problems during last pregnancy | |||||
No | 2491 (78.2) | 509 (85.2) | 0.0050 | Reference | Reference |
Yes | 694 (21.8) | 88 (14.7) | 1.57 (1.22–2.02) | 1.58 (1.22–2.05) | |
Number of live birth | |||||
0–1 | 742 (23.7) | 79 (13.4) | < 0.0001 | Reference | Reference |
2–4 | 1424 (45.4) | 229 (38.8) | 0.67 (0.52–0.88) | 0.97 (0.70–1.36) | |
≥ 5 | 968 (30.9) | 282 (47.8) | 0.40 (0.31–0.53) | 0.84 (0.55–1.29) | |
Number of child-deaths | |||||
None | 2734 (85.8) | 485 (82.1) | 0.0059 | Reference | Reference |
≥ 1 | 453 (14.2) | 112 (18.8) | 0.78 (0.61–0.98) | 1.04 (0.79–1.35) | |
Intended pregnancy | |||||
No | 967 (30.3) | 309 (51.7) | < 0.0001 | Reference | Reference |
Yes | 2220 (69.6) | 288 (48.2) | 2.18 (1.81–2.63) | 1.68 (1.38–2.06) |