Table 3 Psychosocial factors and risk of neck and shoulder pain in unadjusted (univariate) logistic regression analysis
From: Neck and shoulder pain among elementary school students: prevalence and its risk factors
Neck pain | Shoulder pain | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | % | OR (95% CI) | P value | % | OR (95% CI) | P value |
Strengths | ||||||
 Prosocial behavior | ||||||
  Normal | 36.2 | Referent |  | 30.5 | Referent |  |
  Borderline | 20.8 | 0.46 (0.17–1.25) | 0.132 | 41.7 | 1.62 (0.71–3.72) | 0.251 |
  Abnormal | 42.9 | 1.32 (0.45–3.85) | 0.609 | 28.6 | 0.91 (0.28–2.93) | 0.875 |
Difficulties | ||||||
 Emotional symptoms | ||||||
  Normal | 34.4 | Referent |  | 30.9 | Referent |  |
  Borderline | 38.6 | 1.20 (0.68–2.10) | 0.525 | 29.8 | 0.95 (0.52–1.72) | 0.871 |
  Abnormal | 40.5 | 1.30 (0.86–1.95) | 0.206 | 31.4 | 1.02 (0.66–1.57) | 0.909 |
 Conduct problems | ||||||
  Normal | 33.7 | Referent |  | 30.4 | Referent |  |
  Borderline | 40.6 | 1.34 (0.86–2.11) | 0.193 | 35.4 | 1.25 (0.79–1.99) | 0.329 |
  Abnormal | 40.5 | 1.34 (0.88–2.03) | 0.167 | 29.3 | 0.95 (0.61–1.48) | 0.826 |
 Hyperactivity | ||||||
  Normal | 35.2 | Referent |  | 30.6 | Referent |  |
  Borderline | 37.1 | 1.08 (0.64–1.82) | 0.747 | 34.3 | 1.18 (0.69–2.00) | 0.531 |
  Abnormal | 38 | 1.12 (0.72–1.75) | 0.590 | 30.3 | 0.97 (0.61–1.55) | 0.906 |
 Peer problems | ||||||
  Normal | 34.2 | Referent |  | 23.7 | Referent |  |
  Borderline | 33.3 | 1.14 (0.77–1.69) | 0.504 | 33.3 | 1.56 (1.02–2.40) | 0.039* |
  Abnormal | 37.3 | 0.96 (0.59–1.55) | 0.873 | 32.7 | 1.61 (0.96–2.68) | 0.067 |
 Total difficulties | ||||||
  Normal | 31.7 | Referent |  | 30.8 | Referent |  |
  Borderline | 24.6 | 1.28 (0.82–1.99) | 0.274 | 32.3 | 1.07 (0.67–1.70) | 0.758 |
  Abnormal | 48.4 | 1.10 (0.71–1.71) | 0.661 | 30.1 | 0.96 (0.61–1.54) | 0.969 |