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Table 1 Demographic and Physical/leisure activity factors and risk of neck and shoulder pain in unadjusted (univariate) logistic regression analysis

From: Neck and shoulder pain among elementary school students: prevalence and its risk factors

Neck pain

Shoulder pain

 

%

OR (95% CI)

P value

%

OR (95% CI)

P value

Age (year)

 < 10

38.2

Referent

–

29.1

Referent

–

 ≥ 10

33.9

1.20 (0.88–1.64)

0.237

32.3

0.86 (0.62–1.93)

0.370

Gender

 Boys

33.3

Referent

–

26.7

Referent

–

 Girls

37.9

0.82 (0.60–1.12)

0.215

34.3

0.69 (0.50–0.96)

0.030*

BMI (kg/m2)

 healthy weight (≥5th to <85th percentile)

36.2

Referent

–

28.9

Referent

–

 under weight (<5th percentile)

31.9

0.82 (0.43–1.57)

0.561

31.9

1.15 (0.60–2.19)

0.666

 extra weight (≥85th percentile)

35.8

0.98 (0.68–1.40)

0.918

35.8

1.36 (0.95–1.97)

0.092

Hours per week playing sport (h)

 < 1

39.7

Referent

–

27.2

Referent

–

 1–3

34.9

1.30 (0.77–2.18)

0.342

32

0.80 (0.46–1.38)

0.429

 > 3

33.7

1.05 (0.67–1.66)

0.806

31.7

1.01 (0.63–1.60)

0.963

Hours per day using a cell phone/tablet (h)

 < 1

22.1

Referent

–

30.9

Referent

–

 1–3

35.4

2.11 (1.08–4.13)

0.029*

28.6

0.70 (0.39–1.26)

0.239

 > 3

37.6

1.92 (0.95–3.87)

0.068

38.9

2.12 (0.33–1.17)

0.148

Hours per day using a computer (h)

 < 1

36

Referent

–

31

Referent

–

 1–3

35.6

1.40 (0.43–4.52)

0.570

28.8

0.80 (0.26–2.44)

0.705

 > 3

28.6

1.38 (0.38–4.95)

0.620

35.7

0.72 (0.23–2.49)

0.614

Hours per day playing games (h)-

 < 1

35.9

Referent

0.305

30.7

Referent

0.761

 1–3

38.8

1.54 (0.67–3.52)

0.250

31.3

0.88 (0.40–1.93)

0.846

 > 3

26.7

1.74 (0.67–4.49)

 

33.3

0.91 (0.36–2.28)

Hours per day watching TV (h)

 < 1

38.8

Referent

–

29.1

Referent

–

 1–3

35

1.22 (0.82–1.80)

0.320

31.3

0.86 (0.57–1.30)

0.499

 > 3

34.2

1.03 (0.71–1.50)

0.843

32.7

0.95 (0.65–1.39)

0.819

  1. *Statistically significant, −: Not available, CI Confidence interval, % Relative frequency, OR Odds Ratio