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Table 2 Cox proportional hazard model examining factors associated with relapsing among HIV+ smokers receiving care at the UAB 1917 HIV/AIDS clinic between April 2008 and April 2017

From: Mental health disorders and alcohol use are associated with increased likelihood of smoking relapse among people living with HIV attending routine clinical care

 

Relapse

Unadjusted

HR (95% CI)

p-value

Adjusted

HR (95% CI)

P-value

Socio-demographic

    

 Log age10a

0.29 (0.09, 0.92)

0.03

0.57 (0.09, 3.48)

0.56

 Gender/sexual orientation

   Women

REF

 

REF

 

   Male heterosexual

0.85 (0.54, 1.34)

0.48

0.97 (0.56, 1.68)

0.91

   MSM

1.09 (0.77, 1.56)

0.62

1.21 (0.79, 1.84)

0.38

 Race/ethnicity

   White

REF

 

REF

 

   African American

1.09 (0.85, 1.42)

0.42

1.06 (0.76, 1.48)

0.73

Clinical/medical

 Length in care

0.95 (0.92, 0.98)

0.00

0.94 (0.91, 0.98)

0.00

 Adherent to ARTe

0.63 (0.44, 0.92)

0.02

0.65 (0.42, 0.99)

0.04

 Health Insurancee

   Private

REF

 

REF

 

   Public

1.41 (1.01, 1.96)

0.04

1.46 (0.97, 2.19)

0.06

   Uninsured

1.24 (0.92, 1.67)

0.16

0.86 (0.59, 1.25)

0.44

 Comorbiditiesb

   Cardiovascular

0.72 (0.49, 1.06)

0.09

0.87 (0.54, 1.40)

0.56

   Respiratory

1.05 (0.78, 1.41)

0.78

1.23 (0.86, 1.78)

0.24

   Metabolic

0.59 (0.40, 0.85)

0.00

0.82 (0.51, 1.32)

0.42

   Cancer

0.98 (0.63, 1.55)

0.96

0.99 (0.58, 1.71)

0.98

 Laboratory parameterc

   Plasma HIV-1 RNA < 200 copies/ml

0.96 (0.70, 1.31)

0.77

0.77 (0.56, 1.07)

0.12

 CD4 count (cells/μL)

    ≥ 200

0.89 (0.56,1.41)

0.62

0.61 (0.35, 1.07)

0.09

Behavioral and psychologicale

 Major Depression

1.57 (1.16, 2.11)

0.00

1.48 (0.99, 2.19)

0.053

 Anxiety symptoms

1.68 (1.28, 2.21)

0.00

1.55 (1.11, 2.17)

0.01

 Substance abused

   Never

REF

 

REF

 

   Prior

1.20 (0.89, 1.61)

0.23

1.48 (0.91, 2.42)

0.12

   Current

1.19 (0.77, 1.82)

0.43

1.35 (0.94, 1.94)

0.10

   Unknown

1.46 (0.97, 2.18)

0.06

1.02 (0.61, 1.64)

0.99

 Alcohol abuse

   No risk

REF

 

REF

 

   Low risk

1.01 (0.75, 1.35)

0.96

1.15 (0.81, 1.65)

0.44

   At risk

1.69 (1.13, 2.53)

0.01

1.74 (1.06, 2.85)

0.03

  1. Abbreviations: AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, ART antiretroviral therapy, CI confidence interval, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, MSM men who have sex with men, UAB University of Alabama, Birmingham; clinically relevant variables with P values < 0.25 were included in the adjusted model. Bold typeface indicates statistical significance at the P < 0.05 level
  2. aHazard ratio per 10-year increment; bComorbidities: cardiovascular (stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disease, hypertension); respiratory (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bacterial pneumonia); metabolic (diabetes and dyslipidemia), patients without comorbidities were used as the reference group; cLab value closest to index visit; dSubstance abuse includes street opioids, prescription opioids, marijuana, crack/cocaine, amphetamines, sedatives, inhalants, hallucinogens; eAt baseline quit value
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BMC Public Health

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