Table 1 Participant Characteristics
|  |  | Total (n = 512) | Men (n = 240; 46.9%) | Women (n = 272; 53.1%) | p-value for sex-difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  |  | Mean ± SD or % | Mean ± SD or % | Mean ± SD or % | |
Age (years old) |  | 73.4 ± 5.6 | 73.4 ± 5.6 | 73.4 ± 5.6 | 0.979a |
Residential area | Downtown area | 52.3 | 47.1 | 57.0 | 0.027b |
Years of residence in the area |  | 53.9 ± 17.5 | 59.1 ± 18.7 | 49.2 ± 15.0 | <  0.001a |
Marital status | Married | 80.3 | 92.9 | 69.1 | <  0.001b |
Current working status | Working | 41.6 | 47.9 | 36.0 | 0.007b |
Years of education | ≥ 10 years | 61.7 | 72.9 | 51.8 | <  0.001b |
Subjective financial stability | Poor | 4.9 | 3.8 | 5.9 | 0.821c |
| Â | Somewhat poor | 18.9 | 20.4 | 17.6 | Â |
| Â | Normal | 61.3 | 60.4 | 62.1 | Â |
| Â | Somewhat affluent | 12.7 | 12.5 | 12.9 | Â |
| Â | Affluent | 2.1 | 2.9 | 1.5 | Â |
Body mass index | Underweight (<  18.5 kg/m2) | 8.2 | 3.8 | 12.1 | 0.123c |
|  | Normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 73.8 | 78.8 | 69.5 |  |
|  | Overweight (≥ 25.0 kg/m2) | 18.0 | 17.5 | 18.4 |  |
Comorbidity | 0 | 34.4 | 32.9 | 35.7 | 0.070c |
| Â | 1 | 36.5 | 32.5 | 40.1 | Â |
|  | ≥ 2 | 29.1 | 34.6 | 24.3 |  |
Sekentei Scale score (ranging from 12 to 60) |  | 41.5 ± 5.0 | 41.4 ± 4.8 | 41.6 ± 5.1 | 0.767a |
Physically active |  | 22.3 | 29.6 | 15.8 | <  0.001b |