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Table 4 Percentage of agreement with each smoking belief, according to gender and country of data collection, analysis of variance (ANOVA, p value). Silne R, 2016, N = 12,979

From: Smoking beliefs across genders, a comparative analysis of seven European countries

 

BOYS

GIRLS

All

Group comparisons

Weekly smokers

Not weekly smokers

all

Weekly smokers

Not weekly smokers

all

Weekly smokers

Not weekly smokers

all

ANOVA gender in weekly smokers (F)

ANOVA gender in not weekly smokers (F)

ANOVA smoking status (all, F)

Positive individual beliefs

 Feeling relaxed

86

38

44

88

38

43

87

38

44

2

1

1364.0*

 Losing weight

27

17

18

26

20

21

26

19

20

1

14.3*

47.9*

Positive social beliefs

 Looking cool

17

13

13

14

12

12

16

12

13

2

0

11.9*

 Looking grown-up

16

18

18

13

19

18

15

18

18

3

2

12.5*

 Looking masculine

15

11

12

5

9

8

10

10

10

48.1*

13.8*

0

 Looking feminine

5

4

5

7

4

4

6

4

4

2

6.3*

15.3*

 Getting a boy/girlfriend

9

6

7

6

4

4

7

5

6

6.0*

24.1*

10.6*

 Becoming popular

9

13

12

8

12

12

9

13

12

2

1

19.8*

 Appearing sexy

14

6

7

12

7

7

13

6

7

1

4.9*

103.2*

Negative individual beliefs

 Getting facial wrinkles

48

73

70

59

80

78

54

76

74

15.2*

81.8*

346.8*

 Having less ability to exercise

68

87

85

72

88

86

70

88

86

3

1

334.4*

 Getting lung cancer

87

95

94

89

97

96

88

96

95

2

17.8*

149.1*

 Having trouble breathing

80

93

91

85

96

94

83

94

93

5.6*

41.4*

263.2*

Negative social beliefs

 Getting into trouble

47

80

76

53

83

80

50

81

78

5.4*

24.8*

764.9*

 Most people reluctant to date

42

59

57

44

57

55

43

58

56

1

6.8*

115.7*

 Parents’ disapproval

85

96

95

88

96

95

86

96

95

3

2

266.4*

 Most people would not hire a smoker to babysit

64

80

79

63

81

78

64

80

78

1

0

218.8*

 Best friends’ disapproval

20

57

53

25

72

67

22

64

60

6.1*

288.6*

1004.9*

 Teachers’ disapproval

46

68

66

52

69

67

49

69

66

4.0*

0

219.1*

  1. Note: we controlled for multiple testing using the DUNCAN test option of the ANOVA procedure
  2. *p < 0,05