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Table 3 Adjusted ORs of CVD biomarkers by lifestyle factors, relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) and attributable proportion due to interaction (AP)

From: Association of lifestyle factors with blood lipids and inflammation in adults aged 40 years and above: a population-based cross-sectional study in Taiwan

Interaction

Total n

TG ≥ 1.695 mmol/L

TC ≥ 5.18 mmol/L

LDL-C ≥ 2.59 mmol/L

HDL-C ≤ 1.036 mmol/L

CRP ≥ 9.52 nmol/L

BG ≥ 5.556 mmol/L

n

OR (95% CI) a

n.

OR (95% CI) a

n

OR (95% CI) a

n

OR (95% CI) a

n

OR (95% CI) a

n

OR (95% CI) a

Drinking by smoking

 Not drinking

  Not smoking

67,939

13,574

1.00

32,310

1.00

48,687

1.00

5752

1.00

1667

1.00

22,999

1.00

  Smoker

15,879

4672

1.18 (1.13, 1.23)***

7840

1.12 (1.08, 1.16)***

12,336

1.16 (1.11, 1.21)***

3085

1.38 (1.31, 1.46)***

514

1.23 (1.10, 1.37)***

8615

1.34 (1.29, 1.40)***

 Drinking

  Not smoking

13,035

3100

0.90 (0.86, 0.95)***

6403

1.07 (1.03, 1.11)***

9705

0.98 (0.93, 1.02)

1602

0.80 (0.75, 0.85)***

361

1.03 (0.92, 1.67)

5407

0.80 (0.77, 0.84)***

  Smoker

17,229

5990

1.29 (1.24, 1.35)***

8347

1.08 (1.04, 1.12)***

12,594

0.83 (0.79, 0.86)***

3256

0.98 (0.93, 1.04)

582

1.24 (1.11, 1.38)***

9015

0.91 (0.88, 0.95)***

  RERIOR (95% CI)

  

0.21 (0.14, 0.29)***

 

−0.11 (−0.17, − 0.05)***

 

−0.31 (− 0.38, − 0.24)***

 

− 0.20 (− 0.29, − 0.11)***

 

− 0.03 (− 0.22, 0.17)

 

− 0.23 (− 0.30, − 0.17)***

  APOR (95% CI)

  

0.16 (0.11, 0.22)***

 

− 0.10 (− 0.16, − 0.04)***

 

−0.37 (− 0.46, − 0.28)***

 

−0.20 (− 0.30, − 0.11)***

 

−0.02 (− 0.18, 0.13)

 

− 0.25 (− 0.33, − 0.18)***

Drinking by physical activity

 Not drinking

  No physical activity

49,275

10,522

1.00

23,923

1.00

35,864

1.00

4254

1.00

1269

1.00

17,815

1.00

  Physical activity

34,543

7697

1.06 (1.02, 1.09)**

16,227

0.91 (0.89, 0.94)***

25,159

0.98 (0.95, 1.01)

4583

1.77 (1.69, 1.85)***

912

0.98 (0.90, 1.07)

13,799

1.22 (1.18, 1.26)***

 Drinking

  No physical activity

12,502

3857

1.01 (0.96, 1.06)

6241

1.02 (0.97, 1.06)

9076

0.80 (0.79, 0.84)***

1518

0.71 (0.66, 0.75)***

401

1.02 (0.90, 1.15)

5547

0.68 (0.65, 0.71)***

  Physical activity

17,762

5233

1.01 (0.96, 1.05)

8509

0.94 (0.90, 0.97)***

13,223

0.89 (0.85, 0.93)***

3340

1.33 (1.26, 1.41)***

542

0.98 (0.88, 1.10)

8875

0.95 (0.91, 0.99)*

  RERIOR (95% CI)

  

−0.06 (−0.12, 0.01)

 

0.01 (− 0.04, 0.06)

 

0.11 (0.06, 0.16)***

 

−0.14 (− 0.24, − 0.05)**

 

−0.01 (− 0.17, 0.14)

 

0.05 (0.01, 0.11) *

  APOR (95% CI)

  

−0.06 (− 0.12, − 0.01)

 

0.01 (− 0.05, 0.07)

 

0.12 (0.06, 0.18)***

 

− 0.11 (− 0.18, − 0.03)**

 

−0.01 (− 0.17, 0.15)

 

0.06 (0.01, 0.12)*

Drinking by diet

 Not drinking

  No/low vegetables

35,695

8329

1.00

17,602

1.00

26,676

1.00

4331

1.00

956

1.00

14,737

1.00

  High vegetables

48,123

9890

0.98 (0.95, 1.02)

22,548

0.88 (0.86, 0.91)***

34,347

0.85 (0.82, 0.88)***

4506

0.93 (0.88, 0.97)**

1225

0.96 (0.88, 1.05)

16,877

0.88 (0.85, 0.91)***

Drinking

  No/low vegetables

16,298

5252

1.03 (0.98, 1.08)

8047

1.00 (0.96, 1.04)

12,128

0.83 (0.79, 0.87)***

2782

0.72 (0.68, 0.76)***

535

1.05 (0.94, 1.18)

8165

0.73 (0.70, 0.76)***

  High vegetables

13,966

3838

0.91 (0.86, 0.95)***

6703

0.92 (0.89, 0.96)***

10,171

0.75 (0.72, 0.79)***

2076

0.70 (0.66, 0.75)***

408

0.93 (0.82, 1.05)

6257

0.65 (0.62, 0.68)***

  RERIOR (95% CI)

  

−0.10 (− 0.17, − 0.04)***

 

0.03 (− 0.01, 0.09)

 

0.08 (0.03, 0.13)**

 

0.06 (0.001, 0.13)*

 

−0.08 (− 0.24, 0.08)

 

0.04 (− 0.004, 0.09)

  APOR (95% CI)

  

−0.11 (− 0.18, − 0.04)***

 

0.04 (− 0.01, 0.10)

 

0.10 (0.04, 0.17)**

 

0.09 (0.001, 0.18)*

 

−0.09 (− 0.26, 0.09)

 

0.06 (− 0.006, 0.13)

Smoking by physical activity

 Not smoking

  No physical activity

44,497

8770

1.00

21,484

1.00

31,981

1.00

3139

1.00

1078

1.00

14,560

1.00

  Physical activity

36,477

7877

1.08 (1.04, 1.12)***

17,229

0.93 (0.91, 0.96)***

26,411

1.00 (0.97, 1.03)

4215

1.73 (1.65, 1.83)***

950

1.03 (0.94, 1.12)

13,846

1.24 (1.21, 1.29)***

 Smoker

  No physical activity

17,280

5609

1.30 (1.25, 1.36)***

8680

1.10 (1.05, 1.14)***

12,959

1.02 (0.97, 1.06)

2633

1.30 (1.23, 1.38)***

592

1.27 (1.14, 1.42)***

8802

1.25 (1.20, 1.31)***

  Physical activity

15,828

5053

1.28 (1.22, 1.34)***

7507

0.96 (0.92, 1.00)

11,971

1.05 (1.00, 1.10)*

3708

2.40 (1.20, 1.51)***

504

1.16 (1.03, 1.31)*

8828

1.61 (1.54, 1.68)***

  RERIOR (95% CI)

  

−0.10 (−0.17, −0.03)**

 

−0.06 (−0.12, −0.02)*

 

0.04 (− 0.03, 0.10)

 

0.36 (0.23, 0.49)***

 

−0.14 (− 0.32, 0.04)

 

0.11 (0.03, 0.19)**

  APOR (95% CI)

  

−0.08 (− 0.14, − 0.02)**

 

−0.07 (− 0.13, − 0.02)*

 

0.03 (− 0.02, 0.09)

 

0.15 (0.10, 0.20)***

 

− 0.12 (− 0.28, 0.03)

 

0.07 (0.02, 0.11)**

Smoking by diet

 Not smoking

  No/low vegetables

33,275

7265

1.00

16,303

1.00

24,614

1.00

3325

1.00

844

1.00

12,538

1.00

  High vegetables

47,699

9382

0.98 (0.94, 1.01)

22,410

0.90 (0.87, 0.92)***

33,778

085 (0.82, 0.88)***

4029

0.96 (0.91, 1.00)

1184

0.97 (0.89, 1.06)

15,868

0.90 (0.87, 0.93)***

 Smoker

  No/low vegetables

18,718

6316

1.30 (1.24, 1.36)***

9346

1.08 (1.04, 1.12)***

14,190

1.01 (0.96, 1.05)

3788

1.39 (1.31, 1.47)***

647

1.26 (1.12, 1.41)***

10,364

1.33 (1.28, 1.39)***

  High vegetables

14,390

4346

1.17 (1.11, 1.23)***

6841

0.95 (0.91, 0.99)*

10,740

0.91 (0.87, 0.95)***

2553

1.24 (1.17, 1.32)***

449

1.11 (0.98, 1.25)

7266

1.09 (1.05, 1.15)***

  RERIOR (95% CI)

  

−0.11 (−0.18, −0.04)**

 

−0.02 (−0.07, 0.02)

 

0.05 (−0.001, 0.11)

 

−0.10 (− 0.19, − 0.01)*

 

−0.12 (− 0.29, 0.05)

 

− 0.14 (− 0.21, − 0.07)***

  APOR (95% CI)

  

−0.09 (− 0.16, − 0.03)**

 

−0.03 (− 0.08, 0.03)

 

0.06 (− 0.001, 0.12)

 

− 0.08 (− 0.15, − 0.004)*

 

−0.11 (− 0.27, 0.05)

 

− 0.13 (− 0.19, − 0.07)***

  1. aThe model was adjusted for smoking, drinking, physical activity, diet, gender, age, education, marital status, history of cardiovascular disease, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure
  2. TG Triglycerides, TC Total cholesterol, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, CRP C-reactive protein, BG Blood glucose, RERI Relative excess risk due to interaction, AP Attributable proportion due to interaction
  3. *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001; significant data are presented in bold
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