Lifestyle factors, n = 114,082 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Smoking | Drinking alcohol | Physical activity | High vegetable diet | |||||
n (%) | P-value | n (%) | P-value | n (%) | P-value | n (%) | P-value | |
All | 33,108 (29.0) | 30,264 (26.5) | 52,305 (45.9) | 62,089 (54.4) | ||||
Triglycerides | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Normal | 22,446 (25.9) | 21,174 (24.4) | 39,375 (45.4) | 48,361 (55.7) | ||||
High (≥ 1.695 mmol/L) | 10,662 (39.0) | 9090 (33.3) | 12,930 (47.4) | 13,728 (50.3) | ||||
Total cholesterol | < 0.001 | 0.013 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Normal | 16,921 (28.6) | 15,514 (26.2) | 27,569 (46.6) | 32,838 (55.5) | ||||
High (≥ 5.18 mmol/L) | 16,187 (29.5) | 14,750 (26.9) | 24,736 (45.1) | 29,251 (53.3) | ||||
LDL-C | < 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.016 | < 0.001 | ||||
Normal | 8178 (26.6) | 7965 (25.9) | 13,923 (45.3) | 17,571 (57.1) | ||||
High (≥ 2.59 mmol/L) | 24,930 (29.9) | 22,299 (26.8) | 38,382 (46.1) | 44,518 (53.4) | ||||
HDL-C | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Normal | 26,767 (26.7) | 25,406 (25.3) | 44,382 (44.2) | 55,507 (55.3) | ||||
High (≥ 1.036 mmol/L) | 6341 (46.3) | 4858 (35.5) | 7923 (57.9) | 6582 (48.1) | ||||
CRP | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.430 | 0.014 | ||||
Normal | 32,012 (28.9) | 29,321 (26.4) | 50,851 (45.8) | 60,456 (54.5) | ||||
High (≥ 9.52 nmol/L) | 1096 (35.1) | 943 (30.2) | 1454 (46.5) | 1633 (52.3) | ||||
Fasting blood glucose | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Normal | 15,478 (22.8) | 15,842 (23.3) | 29,631 (43.6) | 38,955 (57.3) | ||||
High (≥ 5.556 mmol/L) | 17,630 (38.3) | 14,422 (31.3) | 22,674 (49.3) | 23,134 (50.3) | ||||
Gender | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Female | 5449 (9.7) | 6419 (11.4) | 24,832 (44.0) | 32,767 (58.1) | ||||
Male | 27,659 (48.0) | 23,845 (41.3) | 27,471 (47.9) | 29,322(50.8) | ||||
Age group (years) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
40–44 | 10,111 (31.4) | 8060 (25.0) | 13,934 (43.3) | 14,875 (46.2) | ||||
45–49 | 7296 (29.9) | 6652 (27.3) | 10,930 (44.8) | 12,881 (52.8) | ||||
50–54 | 5151 (28.2) | 5065 (27.7) | 8363 (45.8) | 10,331 (56.6) | ||||
55–59 | 3709 (26.3) | 3788 (26.8) | 6168 (43.7) | 8458 (59.9) | ||||
60–64 | 2934 (26.4) | 3017 (27.1) | 5741 (51.6) | 6708 (60.3) | ||||
≥ 65 | 3907 (28.0) | 3682 (26.4) | 7169 (51.3) | 8836 (63.3) | ||||
Education | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Primary school | 6722 (26.3) | 6450 (25.3) | 13,284 (52.1) | 13,875 (54.4) | ||||
High school | 11,785 (33.0) | 11,167 (31.3) | 16,734 (46.9) | 18,458 (51.7) | ||||
College | 14,601 (27.6) | 12,647 (23.9) | 22,287 (42.3) | 29,756 (56.3) | ||||
Marital status | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Single | 950 (21.9) | 761 (17.5) | 1417 (32.7) | 2283 (52.6) | ||||
Married | 29,337 (30.1) | 26,777 (27.5) | 45,187 (46.4) | 52,807 (54.3) | ||||
Widow/Divorced | 2821 (22.7) | 2726 (22.0) | 5701 (46.0) | 6999 (56.4) | ||||
History of CVD | 0.262 | 0.640 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 31,814 (29.1) | 29,064 (26.5) | 49,956 (45.6) | 59,459 (54.3) | ||||
Yes | 1294 (28.3) | 1200 (26.2) | 2349 (51.3) | 2630 (54.4) | ||||
Weight status | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.003 | < 0.001 | ||||
Non-overweight/obese | 20,656 (26.4) | 18,947 (24.3) | 35,591 (45.6) | 44,286 (56.7) | ||||
Overweight/obese | 12,452 (34.6) | 11,317 (31.5) | 16,714 (46.5) | 17,803 (49.5) | ||||
Waist circumference (cm), M (SD)a | 83.0 (9.2) | < 0.001 | 82.7 (9.2) | < 0.001 | 79.4 (9.5) | < 0.001 | 78.3 (9.4) | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure | 0.005 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Normal | 16,081 (28.6) | 13,628 (24.3) | 24,359 (43.4) | 30,176 (53.7) | ||||
≥ 120 mmHg | 17,027 (29.4) | 16,636 (28.7) | 27,946 (48.2) | 31,913 (55.1) | ||||
Diastolic blood pressure | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.288 | ||||
Normal | 22,378 (27.8) | 19,495 (24.3) | 36,204 (45.0) | 43,843 (54.5) | ||||
≥ 80 mmHg | 10,730 (31.9) | 10,769 (32.0) | 16,101 (47.8) | 18,246 (54.2) |