Change in treatment coverage and barriers to mental health care among adults with depression and alcohol use disorder: a repeat cross sectional community survey in Nepal

Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of the participants in the baseline and follow-up surveys

Variables	Baseline (N = 1983)		Follow-up (N = 1499)		χ2, p
Variables	N	^a %	N ^a	%	χ2, p
Sex
Male	703	39.9	427	31.7	18.3, < 0.001
Female	1280	60.1	1072	68.3	18.3, < 0.001
Age (years)
18–24	296	18.4	221	17.1	0.43, 0.649
25–59	1418	68.1	1089	69.5
60 and above	269	13.5	189	13.3
Education
Not schooling	275	13.2	176	11.8	7.5, < 0.001
Literate/less than primary	315	14.9	304	19.9
Primary	360	17.6	381	22.7
Secondary	822	41.6	518	36.1
College /University	211	12.7	120	9.5
Marital status
Single	215	13.6	135	10.7	3.6, 0.027
Married	1645	81.5	1253	82.8
Others (widow/divorced/separated)	123	4.9	111	6.5
Caste/Ethnicity
Brahmin/Chhetri	948	48.3	772	51.5	1.0, 0.391
Janajati	542	27.4	388	25.3
Dalit	308	15.0	229	13.7
Others	185	9.3	110	9.5
Religion
Hindu	1604	80.3	1239	82.4	1.6, 0.201
Non-Hindu	379	19.7	260	17.6	1.6, 0.201
Occupation
Agriculture	1335	64.2	839	55.6	16.3, < 0.001
Service/Business	297	15.5	204	13.5
Students/Unemployed	244	15.0	384	26.2
Others	107	5.3	72	4.8
Family income sufficient to manage foods for the period of
Up to 6 months	352	16.8	29	1.7	126.0, < 0.001
6 to 9 months	307	15.4	119	7.9
9–12 months or above	1324	67.8	1351	90.4
Clinical characteristics
Screen positive on PHQ-9	228	11.1	118	7.6	9.3, 0.002
Screen positive on AUDIT	96	5.0	74	4.9	0.04, 0.839

ISSN: 1471-2458