Table 4 Trajectories of HRQOL by regular exercise and covariates (n = 6182 persons, 16,281 observations)
Covariates | PCS score | MCS score | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 0 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 0 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
Fixed effects | ||||||
For intercept | ||||||
Intercept | 53.02*** (52.83~53.20) | 52.25*** (51.96~52.54) | 60.67*** (59.26~62.07) | 49.74*** (49.51~49.96) | 48.52*** (48.17~48.87) | 44.51*** (42.80~46.21) |
Gender (female)d | −0.59** (− 0.99~ − 0.19) | − 0.26 (− 0.74~0.22) | ||||
Education (years) | 0.03 (−0.01~0.08) | −0.002 (− 0.06~0.05) | ||||
AGE (years) | −0.13*** (− 0.15~ − 0.11) | 0.09*** (0.07~0.11) | ||||
Time-varying covariates | ||||||
Living with the spoused | 0.62* (0.09~1.14) | 1.77*** (1.14~2.40) | ||||
Tobacco smoking (yes) | 0.14 (−0.36~0.64) | 0.06 (− 0.54~0.67) | ||||
Betel-nut chewing (yes) | −0.18 (−1.20~0.83) | −0.32 (− 1.55~0.91) | ||||
Psychiatric disorderd | −2.93*** (−3.31~ − 2.54) | −6.17*** (−6.64~ − 5.71) | ||||
# of chronic diseasesb | −0.71*** (− 0.83~ − 0.59) | 0.09 (− 0.05~0.24) | ||||
# of Medicationsc | −2.22*** (− 2.68~ − 1.76) | − 2.42*** (− 2.97~ − 1.86) | ||||
Regular exercise statusd | ||||||
≧300 min | 2.27*** (1.57~2.97) | 2.54*** (1.86~3.22) | 3.39*** (2.55~4.24) | 2.03*** (1.21~2.85) | ||
150–299 min | 2.68*** (1.91~3.45) | 1.99*** (1.25~2.72) | 2.52*** (1.59~3.44) | 1.55** (0.65~2.44) | ||
<150 min | 2.39*** (1.78~3.00) | 1.24*** (0.66~1.83) | 0.71 (− 0.02~1.45) | 0.65 (− 0.06~1.36) | ||
Irregular exercise | 0.55** (0.15~0.94) | 1.27*** (0.89~1.66) | 1.89*** (1.41~2.36) | 0.87*** (0.40~1.33) | ||
For time slope | ||||||
Time (years)a | 0.72*** (0.42~1.03) | 0.81*** (0.48~1.15) | 1.01* (0.06~1.97) | 0.79*** (0.42~1.17) | 0.95*** (0.54~1.35) | 1.49** (0.37~2.62) |
Time2 (years) | −0.24*** (−0.35~ − 0.14) | − 0.25*** (− 0.36~ − 0.15) | −0.22*** (− 0.33~ − 0.10) | −0.06 (− 0.19~0.07) | −0.06 (− 0.19~0.07) | −0.05 (− 0.19~0.08) |
Gender (female)d | 0.02 (−0.23~0.27) | −0.14 (− 0.43~0.15) | ||||
Education (years) | −0.003 (− 0.03~0.03) | −0.01 (− 0.05~0.02) | ||||
AGE (years) | −0.01 (− 0.02~0.003) | −0.005 (− 0.02~0.01) | ||||
Time-varying covariates | ||||||
Living with the spoused | −0.09 (−0.40~0.23) | −0.40* (− 0.77~ − 0.03) | ||||
Tobacco smoking (yes) | 0.01 (−0.32~0.34) | −0.15 (− 0.54~0.24) | ||||
Betel-nut chewing (yes) | 0.50 (−0.25~1.25) | 0.69 (−0.21~1.59) | ||||
Psychiatric disorderd | 0.11 (−0.13~0.35) | 0.19 (−0.09~0.48) | ||||
# of 15 diseasesb | 0.02 (−0.05~0.10) | −0.08 (− 0.17~0.005) | ||||
# of Medicationsc | 0.05 (−0.23~0.32) | 0.10 (−0.22~0.43) | ||||
Regular exercise statusd | ||||||
≧300 min | −0.02 (− 0.41~0.37) | 0.03 (− 0.36~0.41) | −0.43 (− 0.89~0.04) | 0.001 (− 0.46~0.47) | ||
150–299 min | −0.24 (− 0.67~0.18) | 0.08 (− 0.34~0.50) | −0.50 (−1.01~ − 0.001) | −0.11 (− 0.62~0.39) | ||
<150 min | − 0.43* (− 0.78~ − 0.08) | 0.03 (−0.32~0.38) | −0.10 (− 0.53~0.32) | −0.12 (− 0.54~0.30) | ||
Irregular exercise | − 0.03 (− 0.26~0.20) | 0.04 (− 0.19~0.28) | −0.21 (− 0.48~0.07) | 0.07 (− 0.20~0.35) | ||
Random effects | ||||||
Variance (Wave 1) | 53.76*** | 53.01*** | 44.84*** | 78.02*** | 77.07*** | 65.81*** |
Variance (Wave 2) | 29.31*** | 29.39*** | 27.81*** | 50.18*** | 50.46*** | 48.30*** |
Variance (Wave 3) | 35.20*** | 35.03*** | 32.82*** | 51.28*** | 50.76*** | 47.63*** |
Variance (Wave 4) | 23.73*** | 23.85*** | 26.37*** | 34.90*** | 35.25*** | 37.01*** |
Variance (Time) | 4.25*** | 4.06*** | 2.59*** | 4.60*** | 4.44*** | 2.80*** |
-2LL | 103,650.8 | 102,351.7 | 94,864.7 | 109,273.9 | 107,958.8 | 100,337.1 |
AIC | 103,660.8 | 102,361.7 | 94,874.7 | 109,283.9 | 107,968.8 | 100,347.1 |
BIC | 103,699.0 | 102,399.9 | 94,912.6 | 109,322.1 | 108,007.0 | 100,385.0 |