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Table 3 Similarity of HRQOL scores and covariates by regular exercise status at wave 1

From: Regular exercise and the trajectory of health-related quality of life among Taiwanese adults: a cohort study analysis 2006–2014

N = 6182

Regular exercise status

P-value

No exercise

(n = 2141)

Irregular exercise

(n = 2317)

<150 min

(n = 601)

150–299 min

(n = 332)

≧300 min

(n = 405)

PCS scorea,b

52.3 ± 8.1

52.8 ± 7.3

54.7 ± 5.9

54.8 ± 5.1

54.5 ± 6.0

< 0.001

 PF

86.8 ± 21.2

87.2 ± 19.1

93.1 ± 12.3

93.4 ± 11.9

92.8 ± 13.4

< 0.001

 RP

79.7 ± 37.1

82.1 ± 35.0

86.6 ± 29.1

87.2 ± 28.4

88.2 ± 28.4

< 0.001

 BP

81.8 ± 21.0

83.9 ± 18.9

83.7 ± 18.0

85.7 ± 16.8

85.3 ± 18.8

< 0.001

 GH

62.0 ± 20.6

65.6 ± 19.8

68.1 ± 18.9

69.2 ± 17.6

70.3 ± 18.7

< 0.001

MCS scorea,b

48.5 ± 9.3

50.2 ± 8.7

49.1 ± 8.2

50.9 ± 7.2

51.9 ± 8.2

< 0.001

 VT

63.1 ± 18.8

67.7 ± 18.1

67.2 ± 16.2

70.7 ± 17.0

73.7 ± 17.7

< 0.001

 SF

84.8 ± 18.4

86.7 ± 15.8

87.2 ± 14.1

89.2 ± 13.0

89.5 ± 14.5

< 0.001

 RE

82.9 ± 34.9

85.6 ± 32.5

85.1 ± 31.3

89.1 ± 28.5

88.6 ± 28.0

0.001

 MH

69.9 ± 17.5

73.1 ± 16.6

72.1 ± 16.0

74.4 ± 15.0

77.3 ± 16.9

< 0.001

Gender (female)c

56.1%

58.9%

42.9%

48.8%

45.9%

< 0.001

Age (years)a,b,c

51.1 ± 12.4

57.3 ± 13.6

46.2 ± 9.4

51.1 ± 10.0

55.8 ± 11.0

< 0.001

 30–64 years old

85.3%

70.9%

96.7%

90.7%

80.2%

< 0.001

 ≧65 years old

14.7%

29.1%

3.3%

9.3%

19.8%

 

Education (years)a,b

9.7 ± 4.6

9.4 ± 4.8

12.9 ± 3.3

11.8 ± 4.0

10.5 ± 4.1

< 0.001

Marital statusd

 Living with the spouse

87.4%

90.0%

87.6%

91.8%

90.1%

0.016

 Living alone

12.6%

10.0%

12.4%

8.2%

9.9%

 

Tobacco smoking (yes)c

24.0%

12.3%

21.1%

15.4%

15.6%

< 0.001

Alcohol drinking (yes)c

13.0%

9.5%

19.5%

14.2%

13.5%

< 0.001

Betel-nut chewing (yes)c

5.1%

1.2%

5.3%

2.4%

2.2%

< 0.001

Psychiatric disorder (CHQ-12≧4)c

29.8%

25.3%

24.4%

22.5%

19.7%

< 0.001

# of chronic diseasesa,b,d

1.64 ± 1.44

1.77 ± 1.51

1.32 ± 1.26

1.39 ± 1.28

1.58 ± 1.30

< 0.001

# of Medicationsa,b,e

0.11 ± 0.39

0.10 ± 0.36

0.08 ± 0.33

0.07 ± 0.29

0.10 ± 0.35

0.425

  1. Abbreviations: HRQOL Health-related quality of life, PCS Physical component summary, PF Physical functioning, RP Role limitations due to physical problems, BP Bodily pain, GH General health, MCS Mental component summary, VT Vitality, SF Social functioning, RE Role emotional, MH Mental health, CHQ-12 12-item Chinese Health Questionnaire, T2DM Type 2 Diabetes mellitus
  2. a Mean ± SD (standard deviation); b by ANOVA; by c Chi-square test
  3. d Self-reported and/or diagnosed chronic diseases, including T2DM, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, kidney disease, cardiac disease, stroke, hepatic disease, gout, osteoporosis, asthma, psychiatric disease, nerve-related disease, intestinal disease, Tuberculosis, and metabolic syndrome
  4. e 4 pills, including refreshing drugs, sleeping pills, sedative medicine, and painkiller
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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