Table 3 Factors associated with perinatal mortality: crude (unadjusted) and adjusted odds ratio estimates of logistic regression analysis
Covariates | Crude (unadjusted) | Adjusted | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% C.I | p-value | AOR | 95% C.I | p-value | |||
Birth type | ||||||||
Multiple birth | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Single birth | 0.190 | 0.113 | 0.319 | < 0.0001* | 0.179 | 0.100 | .321 | < 0.0001* |
Sex of child | ||||||||
Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Male | 0.586 | 0.425 | 0.808 | 0.001* | 1.740 | 1.234 | 2.454 | 0.002* |
Birth interval | ||||||||
39 and more months | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
15 and less month | 7.480 | 4.497 | 12.442 | < 0.0001* | 7.902 | 4.526 | 13.795 | < 0.0001* |
16–26 months | 2.264 | 1.452 | 3.530 | < 0.0001* | 2.088 | 1.292 | 3.375 | 0.003* |
27–38 months | 1.431 | 0.922 | 2.221 | 0.110 | 1.509 | 0.951 | 2.396 | 0.081 |
Birth order | ||||||||
6 and more | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
3 and less | 1.071 | 0.698 | 1.481 | 0.930 | 1.231 | 0.767 | 1.975 | .389 |
4–5 | 0.721 | 0.464 | 1.121 | 0.146 | 0.977 | 0.600 | 1.592 | .927 |
Maternal age | ||||||||
45–49 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
29 & less year | 0.618 | 0.373 | 1.024 | 0.062 | 0.293 | 0.128 | 0.668 | 0.003* |
30–34 years | 0.392 | 0.232 | 0.662 | < 0.0001* | 0.335 | 0.173 | 0.646 | 0.001* |
35–39 years | 0.466 | 0.301 | 0.721 | 0.001* | 0.381 | 0.231 | 0.628 | < 0.0001* |
40–44 years | 0.540 | 0.346 | 0.842 | 0.007* | 0.585 | 0.360 | 0.948 | 0.029* |
Residence | ||||||||
Rural | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Urban | 0.527 | 0.283 | 0.982 | 0.044* | 0.364 | 0.136 | 0.970 | 0.043* |
Mother Education | ||||||||
Secondary and Higher | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
No education | 0.803 | 0.382 | 1.687 | 0.562 | 0.496 | 0.170 | 1.447 | 0.199 |
Primary education | 0.928 | 0.420 | 2.048 | 0.853 | 0.861 | 0.302 | 2.457 | 0.780 |
Source of water | ||||||||
Unprotected | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Piped source | 0.588 | 0.383 | 0.905 | 0.016* | 0.675 | 0.382 | 1.193 | 0.176 |
Protected well | 0.714 | 0.504 | 1.010 | 0.057 | 0.684 | 0.469 | 0.997 | 0.048* |
Toilet facility | ||||||||
With toilet | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
No toilet facility | 0.540 | 0.387 | 0.753 | < 0.0001* | 1.649 | 1.093 | 2.488 | 0.017* |
Sex of household head | ||||||||
Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Male | 0.421 | 0.259 | 0.686 | 0.001* | 0.378 | 0.213 | 0.670 | 0.001* |
Wealth index | ||||||||
Rich | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Poor | 2.324 | 1.471 | 3.672 | < 0.0001* | 1.948 | 1.011 | 3.754 | 0.046* |
Middle | 1.704 | 1.074 | 2.702 | 0.024* | 1.540 | 0.828 | 2.865 | 0.172 |
Parity | ||||||||
9 and more children | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
3 & less | 0.718 | 0.448 | 1.150 | 0.168 | 1.065 | 0.447 | 2.541 | 0.887 |
4–5 | 0.319 | 0.196 | 0.520 | < 0.0001* | 0.418 | 0.211 | 0.828 | 0.012* |
6–8 | 0.383 | 0.262 | 0.560 | < 0.0001* | 0.401 | 0.257 | 0.626 | < 0.0001* |
Husband education | ||||||||
Secondary/Higher | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
No education | 0.962 | 0.529 | 1.750 | 0.900 | 0.517 | 0.219 | 1.220 | 0.132 |
Primary education | 0.778 | 0.416 | 1.454 | 0.432 | 0.533 | 0.230 | 1.235 | 0.142 |
HIV status | ||||||||
Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
No | 0.767 | 0.488 | 1.205 | 0.250 | 1.435 | 0.842 | 2.446 | 0.184 |
Mother occupation | ||||||||
Agriculture | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Not working | 0.875 | 0.600 | 1.274 | 0.485 | 1.053 | 0.693 | 1.599 | 0.809 |
Non-agriculture | 1.673 | 1.150 | 2.434 | 0.007* | 2.734 | 1.773 | 4.216 | <.0001* |