Table 5 Matrix of strategies, theory-based methods, practical applications of changing unhealthy diet: examples
Phases of change | POs | Mediators | Moderators | PPOs | Strategies | Theory-based Methods | IF | AND | THEN: Practical applications | Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Precontemplation | PO1 | Motivation | Risk Perception | PPO1 | Dynamic monitoring and individualized, immediate feedback | Monitor and provide feedback on performance (e.g. salt intake) of the behavior. Monitor and provide feedback on the outcome (e.g. blood pressure) of the behavior. | Salt intake >5 g/d | Cooked soil intake < 25 g/d | Mr. Wang, we found that you have very good control of your lipid and cholesterol levels, which is good for your health. Your health would improve if you decreased your sodium intake, because a salty diet may increase the risk of developing hypertension. | Text- messaging with trend graph |
Contemplation | PO2 | Motivation | Action Planning | PPO13 | Personalized action plan | Provide a personalized action plan based on the patient’s health condition and preferences. Patient can modify the action plan if they disagree with the plan. | Salt intake >5 g/d and Cooked oil intake > 25 g/d | Have an intention to change | Mr. Wang, here is the action plan we recommend for you to maintain a healthy diet. What do you think of it? If you accept it, please click the accept button. If not, you can click the edit button to change the plan and then submit it. | Text-messaging with a link to review action plan |
Action | PO3 | Volition | Self-Efficacy | PPO17 | Psychological cues | Psychometric tests: To uncover the obstacles in the maintenance of healthy behavior change and to provide tailored feedbacks and suggestions. | Salt intake >5 g/d and Soil intake > 25 g/d | Action plan has been made | If you have a dietary action plan, but you can’t stick to it, please complete this questionnaire to tell us your experience. | Text-messaging with a link to Psychological test |
Maintenance | PO3 | Volition | Social Support | PPO23 | Role model | Patients who maintain healthy behavior for more than 6 months, will serve as role models. Regular group discussions will be facilitated by the role models for other patients who encounter difficulties in the process of behavior change to help them learn coping strategies | Salt intake >5 g/d and Soil intake > 25 g/d | Maintaining healthy diet for 6 months or above | The topics of the group discussions are: (1) experiences shared by the role model, and (2) the role model answering the questions from other patients. | Group discussion in the app |