Strategies | Strategies derived from BCT or IM taxonomy | Precontemplation Stage | Contemplation Stage | Action stage and Maintenance stage | Number of evidence-based methods (N = 61) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BCT | IM Taxonomy | Risk perception | Outcome expectation | Action planning | Action self-efficacy | Coping self-efficacy | Coping planning | Behavioral enjoyment | Effectiveness perception | Social support | Maintenance self-efficacy | |||
1 | Psychological cues |  |  | √ | √ |  | √ | √ | √ |  |  |  | √ | 12 |
2 | Visualization |  |  | √ | √ |  | √ |  |  |  | √ |  |  | 6 |
3 | Peer impact |  |  | √ | √ |  |  |  |  |  |  | √ |  | 5 |
4 | Fear arousal |  | √ | √ | √ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |
5 | Dynamic monitoring and individualized, immediate feedback | √ | √ | √ |  |  |  | √ |  |  |  |  | √ | 2 |
6 | Increase knowledge interestingly | √ |  |  | √ |  | √ |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |
7 | Re-attribution | √ | √ |  | √ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |
8 | Personalized action planning | √ |  |  |  | √ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |
9 | Friendly reminders |  |  |  |  | √ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |
10 | Role model/modelling |  | √ |  |  |  | √ | √ |  |  |  | √ | √ | 5 |
11 | Authority influence |  |  |  |  |  | √ |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |
12 | Comparison of behavior |  |  |  |  |  | √ |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |
13 | Decisional balance |  |  |  |  |  | √ |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |
14 | Easy-to-do |  |  |  |  |  | √ |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |
15 | Encourage |  |  |  |  |  | √ |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |
16 | Increase self-control |  |  |  |  |  | √ |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |
17 | Self-affirmation |  | √ |  |  |  | √ |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |
18 | Self-reevaluation |  | √ |  |  |  | √ |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |
19 | Social support | √ |  |  |  |  | √ |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |
20 | Increase sense of control |  |  |  |  |  | √ |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |
21 | Public commitment |  | √ |  |  |  | √ |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |
22 | Step by step |  |  |  |  |  | √ |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |
23 | Experience of success or enjoyment | √ |  |  |  |  |  | √ |  | √ |  |  | √ | 4 |
24 | Accept |  |  |  |  |  |  | √ |  |  |  |  | √ | 1 |
25 | Increase sense of experience |  |  |  |  |  |  | √ |  |  |  |  | √ | 3 |
26 | Increase sense of gain |  |  |  |  |  |  | √ |  |  |  |  | √ | 1 |
27 | Increase sense of success |  |  |  |  |  |  | √ |  |  |  |  | √ | 1 |
28 | Individualization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | √ |  |  |  |  | 1 |
29 | Considerate service |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | √ |  | 1 |
30 | Family impact |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | √ |  | 1 |
31 | Stimulate interest | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 1 |