Table 1 Characteristics of cases (N = 223) and controls (N = 889). Foz do Iguassu PR, 2012–2016
Variable | Cases N (%) | Controls N (%) |
|---|---|---|
Distal Level | ||
Maternal age [mean (SD)] | 26.6 (7.2) | 26.7 (6.6) |
Less than 19 years | 44 (19.7) | 130 (14.6) |
From 20 to 34 years | 144 (64.6) | 639 (71.9) |
Over 35 years | 35 (15.7) | 120 (13.5) |
Education (in years of study) | ||
Less than 7 years | 10 (4.5) | 35 (3.9) |
From 8 to 11 years | 44 (19.7) | 174 (19.6) |
Over 12 years | 169 (75.8) | 679 (76.4) |
Marital status | ||
With partner | 101 (45.5) | 448 (50.6) |
Without partner | 121 (54.5) | 437 (49.4) |
Race | ||
White | 144 (64.6) | 546 (61.7) |
Black | 6 (2.7) | 19 (2.2) |
Yellow | 0 (0) | 8 (0.9) |
Brown | 73 (32.7) | 321 (35.2) |
Parity | ||
Primiparous | 95 (42.6) | 346 (39) |
Multiparous | 128 (57.4) | 540 (61) |
Intermediate level | ||
Onset of prenatal care | ||
First trimester | 152 (77.6) | 742 (85.1) |
After first trimester | 44 (22.4) | 129 (15.9) |
Prenatal care appointments | ||
From 0 to 3 appointments | 58 (26.6) | 60 (6.8) |
From 4 to 6 appointments | 74 (33.9) | 210 (23.7) |
7 or more appointments | 86 (39.5) | 615 (69.5) |
Induction of delivery | ||
No | 44 (20.3) | 384 (43.6) |
Yes | 173 (79.7) | 497 (56.4) |
Type of delivery | ||
Vaginal | 87 (39) | 385 (43.3) |
Caesarean section | 136 (61) | 504 (56.7) |
Proximal level | ||
Gestational age | ||
Preterm | 148 (49.71) | 94 (11) |
Term | 64 (30.2) | 732 (85.6) |
Post-term | 0 (0) | 29 (3.40) |
Sex | ||
Female | 103 (46.6) | 424 (47.4) |
Male | 118 (53.4) | 465 (52.3) |
Birth weight | ||
Low weight | 161 (72.2) | 52 (0.59) |
Adequate weight | 59 (26.4) | 783 (88.1) |
Overweight | 3 (0.1) | 54 (0.6) |
Fetal congenital anomaly | ||
Yes | 47 (21.1) | 11 (1.2) |
No | 176 (78.9) | 878 (98.8) |
First minute Apgar score | ||
High | 77 (35.3) | 841 (94.8) |
Low | 141 (64.7) | 46 (5.2) |