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Table 4 Evidence Synthesis: The MW Outcomes Associated with Organisational Stressors in Police Officers

From: The relationship between organisational stressors and mental wellbeing within police officers: a systematic review

Mental Wellbeing Outcome(s)

Degree of Evidence

Magnitude of the Association

Study

ID(s)

Psychiatric Symptoms (PS) or Psychological Distress (PD)

+++

+++

Adams et al. [82]; Arial et al. [84]; Houdmont et al. [89, 90]

Emotional Exhaustion(EE)

+++

+++

Adams et al. [82]; Adebayo et al. [83]; Backteman-Erlanson et al. [85]; Berg et al. [86]; Houdmont et al. [89]; Martinussen et al. [91]; McCarty et al. [92]; Mostert et al. [94]; Xavier et al. [95]

Depersonalisation (DP)

+++

+++

Backetman- Erlanson et al. [85]; Berg et al. [86]; Houdmont et el [89].; Martinussen et al. [91]; Mostert et al. [94]; Xavier et al. [95]

Occupational Stress

+++

++

Crank et al. [88]; Morash et al. [96]; Morash et al. [93]

Anxiety

+

++

Berg et al. [86]

Depression

+

++

Berg et al. [86]; Chen et al. [87]

Burnout

+

++

Xavier et al. [95]

Personal Accomplishment (PA)

+++

++

Berg et al. [86]; Houdmont et al. [89]; Martinussen et al. [91]; Xavier et al. [95]

Suicidal Ideation

+

+

Berg et al. [86]

  1. Note. Degree of evidence of included studies by outcome classified as strong, moderate or insufficient. Strong evidence (+++): Consistent findings in more than 2 studies of high quality. At least one study has adjusted for participant demographics AND additional exposure variables.; moderate evidence (++): Consistent findings in 2 studies of high quality or one high quality study and one intermediate quality study, or between more than 2 studies of intermediate quality. At least one study has adjusted for participant demographics OR additional exposure variables; insufficient evidence (+): Identification of only one study or inconsistent findings across studies. Magnitude of association of included studies by outcome based on RAG threshold: high (+++): ≥4; intermediate (++): 2.0–3.9; low/no association (+): 0–1.9