Studies | Risk of Bias | Representativeness | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Was hearing loss measured in a valid way (validity of data collection [assessment method])? | Was hearing loss defined adequately (e.g., in accordance with WHO criteria)? | Are data for the full sample available and used for estimation of prevalence? | Is the data representative for the general population (children and adolescents) living in Germany? | |
Studies based on self-reported hearing loss by child or caregiver | ||||
EuroTrak 2017 [15] | high RoBa | high RoBa | low RoB | unclear representativenessb |
WaBoLu 1993 [16] | high RoBa | high RoBa | low RoB | high representativeness |
Stange 1992 [17] | high RoBa | high RoBa | low RoB | lacking representativenessc |
Studies reporting hearing loss measured in screening programs | ||||
KiGGS 2009 [18] | low RoB | low RoB | low RoB | high representativeness |
RKI 2006 [19] | low RoB | low RoB | low RoB | lacking representativenessd |
Kruppa 1995 [20] | low RoB | low RoB | low RoB | lacking representativenessc |
Studies reporting hearing loss based on data collected in registries | ||||
Destatis 2015 [21] | low RoB | unclear RoBe | low RoB | high representativeness |
Neubauer 2011 [22] | high RoBf | high RoBf | unclear RoBg | lacking representativenessh |
low RoB | unclear RoBe | unclear RoBg | lacking representativenessh | |
low RoB | low RoB | low RoB | lacking representativenessd | |
low RoB | low RoB | low RoB | lacking representativenessc |