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Table 2 Distribution of average score of HL according to CAIHLQ a based on completed and returned survey questionnaires

From: The association between health literacy and psychosomatic symptoms of adolescents in China: a cross-sectional study

Variables (n)

PA

IR

SM

SA

HA

DB

Overall HL

Gender

 Male (10990)

15.89 ± 4.93

20.27 ± 3.97

21.18 ± 5.35

15.06 ± 3.72

14.65 ± 4.56

16.88 ± 4.25

103.94 ± 19.83

 Female (11638)

15.04 ± 4.36

21.17 ± 3.47

21.17 ± 4.97

14.98 ± 3.54

15.27 ± 4.22

16.55 ± 3.40

104.17 ± 17.53

  t

13.881

−18.194

0.168

1.695

−10.585

6.090

− 0.936

  P-value

<  0.001

<  0.001

0.860

0.090

<  0.001

<  0.001

0.349

Grade

 Junior school (11993)

16.11 ± 4.70

20.91 ± 3.72

21.79 ± 5.21

15.36 ± 3.62

15.16 ± 4.43

17.10 ± 4.23

106.45 ± 18.94

 Senior high school (10635)

14.71 ± 4.52

20.53 ± 3.76

20.49 ± 5.01

14.63 ± 3.61

14.74 ± 4.35

16.27 ± 3.95

101.37 ± 18.01

  t

22.844

7.678

19.206

15.180

7.182

15.210

20.598

  P-value

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

Registered residence

 Rural (10882)

15.08 ± 4.47

20.65 ± 3.71

20.85 ± 5.10

14.87 ± 3.61

14.74 ± 4.33

16.19 ± 4.10

102.38 ± 18.15

 Urban (11746)

15.80 ± 4.81

20.81 ± 3.78

21.48 ± 5.20

15.16 ± 3.65

15.17 ± 4.45

17.19 ± 4.10

105.62 ± 19.03

  t

−11.738

−3.386

−9.232

−5.967

− 7.373

− 18.209

−13.081

  P-value

<  0.001

0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

Boarding on school days

 Yes (11320)

14.84 ± 4.39

20.63 ± 3.66

20.69 ± 5.00

14.83 ± 3.55

14.71 ± 4.32

16.21 ± 4.00

101.90 ± 17.81

 No (11308)

16.07 ± 4.84

20.84 ± 3.83

21.67 ± 5.27

15.22 ± 3.70

15.22 ± 4.46

17.21 ± 4.18

106.23 ± 19.27

  t

−20.070

−4.202

−14.231

− 8.091

− 8.853

− 18.417

− 17.530

  P-value

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

Household structure

 Only child (9720)

15.60 ± 4.79

20.72 ± 3.89

21.31 ± 5.23

15.03 ± 3.69

15.06 ± 4.58

17.11 ± 4.15

104.81 ± 19.20

 More than one child (12908)

15.34 ± 4.57

20.75 ± 3.63

21.08 ± 5.10

15.02 ± 3.59

14.90 ± 4.35

16.41 ± 4.09

103.49 ± 18.26

  t

4.131

− 0.596

3.332

0.141

2.658

12.624

5.266

  P-value

<  0.001

0.551

0.001

0.888

0.008

<  0.001

<  0.001

Father’s educational level

  < High school degree (13006)

14.99 ± 4.41

20.59 ± 3.71

20.83 ± 5.08

14.80 ± 3.61

14.70 ± 4.31

16.29 ± 4.06

102.20 ± 18.05

  ≥ High school degree (9424)

16.10 ± 4.90

20.96 ± 3.75

21.68 ± 5.20

15.34 ± 3.61

15.35 ± 4.48

17.30 ± 4.11

106.73 ± 19.01

 No father (198)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

  t

−17.695

−7.321

− 12.180

− 11.022

− 11.079

− 18.256

− 18.116

  P-value

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

Mother’s educational level

  < High school degree (14335)

14.98 ± 4.41

20.58 ± 3.68

20.85 ± 5.06

14.80 ± 3.60

14.68 ± 4.31

16.34 ± 4.07

102.24 ± 17.94

  ≥ High school degree (8105)

16.30 ± 4.96

21.04 ± 3.79

21.79 ± 5.24

15.42 ± 3.63

15.48 ± 4.50

17.39 ± 4.12

107.42 ± 19.27

 No mother (188)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

  t

−20.544

−8.805

− 13.270

−12.247

− 13.147

− 18.568

− 20.244

  P-value

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

Self-reported family economy

 Bad (3240)

14.78 ± 4.69

19.52 ± 4.32

19.70 ± 5.40

14.08 ± 3.96

14.30 ± 4.53

15.79 ± 4.30

98.17 ± 19.99

 General (16345)

15.35 ± 4.52

20.87 ± 3.55

21.26 ± 5.01

15.06 ± 3.52

14.97 ± 4.31

16.71 ± 4.02

104.23 ± 17.83

 Good (3043)

16.70 ± 5.19

21.30 ± 3.82

22.33 ± 5.31

15.80 ± 3.64

15.63 ± 4.60

17.66 ± 4.28

109.43 ± 19.90

  F

147.758

218.954

216.155

182.200

72.745

163.181

294.662

  P-value a

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

Support from friends

 None (599)

14.13 ± 5.77

16.21 ± 5.54

18.13 ± 6.37

12.66 ± 4.72

13.87 ± 5.06

15.06 ± 5.11

90.05 ± 20.01

 Few (14535)

14.94 ± 4.37

20.37 ± 3.64

20.67 ± 5.02

14.66 ± 3.56

14.77 ± 4.31

16.45 ± 4.01

101.86 ± 17.74

 Lot (7494)

16.56 ± 4.92

21.79 ± 3.35

22.42 ± 5.05

15.92 ± 3.46

15.43 ± 4.48

17.34 ± 4.18

109.45 ± 18.43

  F

331.936

867.191

406.191

447.278

74.106

165.928

613.364

  P-value a

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

  1. Statistical methods: Independent-Samples t Test or One-Way ANOVA
  2. a CAIHLQ, Chinese Adolescent Interactive Health Literacy Questionnaire. Overall HL is the mean score of all 31 items in the six subscales: PA is Physical Activity; IR is Interpersonal Relationships; SM is Stress Management; SA is Self-actualization; HA is Health awareness and DB is Dietary behavior. a is Bonferroni-adjusted P-value