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Table 4 Odds of head or neck injuries sustained by pedestrians

From: Walking against or with traffic? Evaluating pedestrian fatalities and head injuries in Taiwan

 

β

SD

OR

95% CI

P value

Pedestrian gender

 Male

0.165

0.055

1.18

1.06–1.31

0.003

 Female

Ref

    

Driver sex

 Male

0.181

0.063

1.20

1.06–1.36

0.004

 Female

Ref

    

Pedestrian age

  ≥ 65

0.265

0.108

1.30

1.05–1.61

0.015

 41–64

−0.012

0.109

0.99

0.80–1.22

0.911

 19–40

−0.509

0.122

0.60

0.47–0.76

< 0.001

  < 18y

Ref

    

Driver age

  ≥ 65

Ref

    

 41–64

0.255

0.122

1.30

1.02–1.64

0.037

 19–40

0.258

0.119

1.30

1.03–1.64

0.030

  < 18y

0.405

0.176

1.50

1.06–2.12

0.027

Walking direction

 Back to traffic

0.231

0.104

1.26

1.03–1.54

0.026

 Facing traffic

Ref

    

Location

 Rural

0.174

0.078

1.19

1.03–1.38

0.021

 Urban

Ref

    

Drivers alcohol use

 Alcohol use

0.191

0.087

1.21

1.02–1.43

0.028

 Alcohol non-use

Ref

    

Light condition

 Dark unlit

0.461

0.122

1.59

1.25–2.01

< 0.001

 Dark lit

0.119

0.084

1.13

0.96–1.33

0.115

 Daylight

Ref

    

Crash partner

 Large vehicle

0.710

0.087

2.03

1.72–2.41

< 0.001

 Car

−0.400

0.070

0.67

0.59–0.77

< 0.001

 Motorcycle

Ref

    

Sight distance

 Limited

0.215

0.101

1.24

1.02–1.51

0.034

 Adequate

Ref

    

Weather

 Adverse

0.148

0.071

1.16

1.01–1.33

0.037

 Fine

Ref

    

Time of crash

 Midnight hour

0.387

0.104

1.47

1.20–1.81

< 0.001

 Evening hour

0.133

0.106

1.14

0.93–1.41

0.210

 Rush hour

0.123

0.083

1.13

0.96–1.33

0.139

 Nonrush hour

Ref