Table 3 Correlates of caregiver under- and over-estimation using the whole sample, Madagascar, 2016, N = 3361
From: Caregiver perceptions of child development in rural Madagascar: a cross-sectional study
| Â | Model (1) | Model (2) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Under-estimation | Over-estimation | Under-estimation | Over-estimation | |
| Â | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
Child Characteristics | ||||
 Age (months) | 0.95** (0.92–0.98) | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) | 0.95** (0.92–0.98) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) |
 Gender | 0.87 (0.67–1.11) | 1.00 (0.88–1.13) | 0.87 (0.67–1.12) | 0.98 (0.86–1.11) |
 Birth Order | 0.99 (0.86–1.14) | 1.01 (0.94–1.09) | 0.99 (0.86–1.14) | 1.01 (0.94–1.09) |
 HAZ | 1.09 (0.96–1.25) | 0.82** (0.75–0.88) | – | – |
 WAZ | – | – | 1.13 (0.98–1.31) | 0.85** (0.79–0.92) |
Caregiver Characteristics | ||||
Age (years) | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) |
Education | ||||
 No school [ref] | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Primary or less | 1.04 (0.73–1.48) | 0.80* (0.65–0.98) | 1.03 (0.72–1.47) | 0.80* (0.65–0.99) |
 Secondary or Higher | 1.15 (0.72–1.84) | 0.64** (0.49–0.84) | 1.13 (0.70–1.82) | 0.65** (0.49–0.85) |
 Depression Score | 1.12 (0.95–1.31) | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) | 1.11 (0.95–1.31) | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) |
Belief of influence on child intelligence | ||||
 None [ref] | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Some | 0.72 (0.49–1.06) | 0.81 (0.63–1.05) | 0.72 (0.49–1.06) | 0.81 (0.63–1.06) |
 A lot | 0.71 (0.49–1.03) | 0.72** (0.58–0.91) | 0.70 (0.49–1.02) | 0.73** (0.58–0.91) |
Household Characteristics | ||||
 Household Size | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) |
 Family Care Indicator Score | 0.96 (0.77–1.20) | 1.04 (0.88–1.23) | 0.97 (0.78–1.20) | 1.03 (0.88–1.22) |
Wealth Quintiles | ||||
 Q1 (lowest) [ref] | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Q2 | 0.88 (0.60–1.31) | 1.16 (0.88–1.52) | 0.87 (0.59–1.29) | 1.18 (0.90–1.54) |
 Q3 | 0.80 (0.53–1.21) | 1.17 (0.87–1.58) | 0.80 (0.53–1.20) | 1.18 (0.87–1.59) |
 Q4 | 0.72 (0.47–1.11) | 0.86 (0.65–1.15) | 0.71 (0.46–1.10) | 0.87 (0.66–1.16) |
 Q5 (highest) | 0.53* (0.31–0.88) | 0.73 (0.53–1.02) | 0.51* (0.31–0.86) | 0.74 (0.53–1.03) |