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Table 2 Correlates of caregiver under- and over-estimation using the within-community sample, Madagascar, 2016, N = 3361

From: Caregiver perceptions of child development in rural Madagascar: a cross-sectional study

 

Model (1)

Model (2)

Under-estimation

Over-estimation

Under-estimation

Over-estimation

 

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Child Characteristics

 Age (months)

0.97** (0.94–0.99)

1.01 (0.99–1.02)

0.96** (0.94–0.99)

1.00 (0.99–1.02)

 Gender

0.89 (0.70–1.12)

1.05 (0.92–1.19)

0.88 (0.69–1.11)

1.00 (0.88–1.14)

 Birth Order

0.99 (0.85–1.14)

1.01 (0.94–1.08)

0.99 (0.85–1.14)

1.01 (0.94–1.08)

 HAZ

0.93 (0.83–1.05)

0.71** (0.66–0.76)

–

–

 WAZ

–

–

0.99 (0.87–1.13)

0.80** (0.74–0.85)

Caregiver Characteristics

 Age (years)

0.99 (0.96–1.01)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.99 (0.96–1.01)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

 Education

    

 No school [ref]

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Primary or less

1.07 (0.76–1.51)

0.95 (0.77–1.18)

1.07 (0.76–1.51)

0.96 (0.78–1.19)

 Secondary or Higher

0.92 (0.57–1.48)

0.70** (0.54–0.91)

0.92 (0.57–1.49)

0.72* (0.56–0.93)

 Depression Score

1.01 (0.86–1.19)

1.01 (0.93–1.10)

1.01 (0.86–1.19)

1.02 (0.94–1.10)

Belief of influence on child intelligence

 None [ref]

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Some

0.94 (0.66–1.35)

0.97 (0.77–1.21)

0.95 (0.66–1.36)

0.97 (0.78–1.22)

 A lot

0.68* (0.49–0.94)

0.99 (0.80–1.22)

0.68* (0.49–0.94)

0.99 (0.81–1.22)

Household Characteristics

 Household Size

1.04 (0.98–1.10)

1.01 (0.98–1.04)

1.04 (0.98–1.10)

1.02 (0.99–1.05)

 Family Care Indicator Score

0.96 (0.80–1.16)

1.00 (0.89–1.12)

0.96 (0.79–1.15)

0.98 (0.88–1.10)

Wealth Quintiles

 Q1 (lowest) [ref]

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Q2

0.80 (0.51–1.25)

0.91 (0.71–1.15)

0.80 (0.51–1.25)

0.92 (0.73–1.17)

 Q3

0.84 (0.54–1.32)

1.06 (0.84–1.33)

0.84 (0.54–1.31)

1.06 (0.84–1.35)

 Q4

0.95 (0.59–1.52)

0.90 (0.71–1.13)

0.94 (0.59–1.50)

0.91 (0.73–1.14)

 Q5 (highest)

0.71 (0.43–1.17)

0.95 (0.73–1.23)

0.70 (0.42–1.16)

0.95 (0.73–1.24)

  1. Multinomial logistic regression with matched caregiver-perceived child intelligence and ASQ-I ranking as the reference outcome category. All estimations adjusted for treatment arm and region, and corrected for clustering at the village level. Model (1) included height-for-age z-score while Model (2) included weight-for-age z-score.
  2. ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05