Table 2 Psychometric properties of Chinese-version HLQ items and scales
From: The health literacy questionnaire among the aged in Changsha, China: confirmatory factor analysis
Item | Factor loading (95% CL) | R2 | Composite reliability (95%CI) Cronbach’s α (italics) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Feeling understood and supported by health care providers | CR =0.85 α = 0.86 | |||
I have at least one healthcare provider who knows me well | 0.68 | 0.55–0.77 | 0.46 | |
I have at least one healthcare provider I can discuss … | 0.70 | 0.60–0.79 | 0.49 | |
I have the healthcare providers I need to help me work | 0.79 | 0.72–0.86 | 0.63 | |
I can rely on at least one healthcare provider | 0.87 | 0.81–0.93 | 0.76 | |
Fit with 1 correlated residual -χ2(ML) =0.528, p = 0.468, CFI = 1.000, TLI = 1.005, RMSEA =0.000 | ||||
2. Having sufficient information to manage my health | CR =0.78 α = 0.78 | |||
I feel I have good information about health | 0.51 | 0.39–0.61 | 0.26 | |
I have enough information to help me deal with my … | 0.76 | 0.68–0.84 | 0.58 | |
I am sure I have all the information I need to manage | 0.72 | 0.60–0.83 | 0.52 | |
I have all the information I need to look after my health | 0.75 | 0.65–0.83 | 0.56 | |
Model fit—χ2 (ML) = 5.427, p = 0.066, CFI = 0.991, TLI = 0.973, RMSEA =0.071 | ||||
3. Actively managing my health | CR =0.77 α = 0.78 | |||
I spend quite a lot of time actively managing my health | 0.75 | 0.65–0.83 | 0.56 | |
I make plans for what I need to do to be healthy. | 0.47 | 0.33–0.59 | 0.23 | |
Despite other things in my life, I make time to be healthy | 0.81 | 0.72–0.88 | 0.65 | |
I set my own goals about health and fitness | 0.48 | 0.33–0.61 | 0.23 | |
There are things that I do regularly to make myself more healthy | 0.65 | 0.52–0.75 | 0.43 | |
Fit with 1 correlated residual—χ2(ML) = 9.566, p = 0.048, CFI = 0.989, TLI = 0.972, RMSEA =0.064 | ||||
4. Social support for health | CR =0.81 α = 0.81 | |||
I can get access to several people who understand and | 0.53 | 0.41–0.64 | 0.28 | |
When I feel ill, the people around me really understand | 0.62 | 0.52–0.72 | 0.39 | |
If I need help, I have plenty of people I can rely on. | 0.66 | 0.59–0.76 | 0.44 | |
I have at least one person who can come to medical … | 0.76 | 0.68–0.83 | 0.58 | |
I have strong support from family or friends. | 0.78 | 0.71–0.85 | 0.61 | |
Fit with one correlated residuals - χ2 (ML) = 5.143, p = 0.2734, CFI = 0.998, TLI = 0.994, RMSEA =0.029 | ||||
5. Appraisal of health information | CR =0.79 α =0.80 | |||
I compare health information from different sources | 0.63 | 0.52–0.71 | 0.39 | |
When I see new information about health, I check up … | 0.68 | 0.56–0.77 | 0.47 | |
I always compare health information from different sources … | 0.73 | 0.65–0.81 | 0.54 | |
I know how to find out if the health information I receive is | 0.71 | 0.62–0.79 | 0.50 | |
I ask healthcare providers about the quality of the … | 0.52 | 0.40–0.62 | 0.27 | |
Fit with one correlated residual - χ2 (ML) = 6.630, p = 0.157, CFI = 0.986, TLI = 0.994, RMSEA =0.044 | ||||
6. Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers | CR =0.84 α =0.84 | |||
Make sure that healthcare providers understand your … | 0.78 | 0.71–0.84 | 0.62 | |
Feel able to discuss your health concerns with a … | 0.83 | 0.76–0.89 | 0.69 | |
Have good discussions about your health with doctors | 0.78 | 0.72–0.83 | 0.61 | |
Discuss things with healthcare providers until you understand … | 0.63 | 0.52–0.72 | 0.40 | |
Ask healthcare providers questions to get the … | 0.56 | 0.44–0.66 | 0.32 | |
Fit with one correlated residual - χ2(ML) = 8.928, p = 0.063, CFI = 0.981, TLI = 0.998, RMSEA =0.060 | ||||
7. Navigating the healthcare system | CR =0.75 α = 0.75 | |||
Find the right healthcare | 0.59 | 0.50–0.67 | 0.35 | |
Get to see the healthcare providers I need to | 0.52 | 0.41–0.63 | 0.28 | |
Decide which healthcare provider you need to see | 0.78 | 0.69–0.85 | 0.61 | |
Make sure you find the right place to get the health … | 0.71 | 0.59–0.81 | 0.51 | |
Find out what healthcare services you are entitled to | 0.20 | 0.06–0.35 | 0.04 | |
Work out what is the best care for you | 0.59 | 0.48–0.69 | 0.35 | |
Fit with three correlated residuals - χ2(ML) = 9.525, p = 0.146, CFI = 0.993, TLI = 0.983, RMSEA =0.041 | ||||
8. Ability to find good health information | CR =0.78 α = 0.78 | |||
Find information about health problems | 0.67 | 0.55–0.75 | 0.44 | |
Find health information from several different places | 0.75 | 0.65–0.83 | 0.56 | |
Get information about health so you are up to date … | 0.64 | 0.54–0.71 | 0.40 | |
Get health information in words you understand | 0.59 | 0.48–0.69 | 0.34 | |
Get health information by yourself | 0.59 | 0.48–0.68 | 0.34 | |
Model fit—χ2(ML) = 7.502, p = 0.186, CFI = 0.994, TLI = 0.988, RMSEA =0.038 | ||||
9. Understanding health information well enough to know what to do | CR =0.74 α = 0.77 | |||
Confidently fill medical forms in the correct way | 0.62 | 0.52–0.71 | 0.39 | |
Accurately follow the instructions from healthcare providers | 0.46 | 0.35–0.58 | 0.21 | |
Read and understand written health information | 0.76 | 0.64–0.856 | 0.57 | |
Read and understand all the information on medication labels | 0.69 | 0.59–0.78 | 0.48 | |
Understand what healthcare providers are asking you to do | 0.44 | 0.31–0.55 | 0.19 | |