Table 1 Data quality of the translated Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) among the Changsha elder population (n = 343)
From: The health literacy questionnaire among the aged in Changsha, China: confirmatory factor analysis
Subscale/items | Obs (n = 343) | Missing [n(%)] | Median | Mean (SD) | Strongly disagree (%) | Disagree (%) | Agree (%) | Strongly agree (%) | Difficulty level (%) (95%CL) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Feeling understood and supported by health care providers | ||||||||||
I have at least one healthcare provider who knows me well | 343 | 0 | 3 | 2.66 (0.70) | 4.7 | 33.2 | 53.9 | 8.2 | 37.9 (36.5–49.1) | |
I have at least one healthcare provider I can discuss | 343 | 0 | 3 | 2.68 (0.67) | 5.2 | 27.7 | 60.6 | 6.4 | 32.9 (30.7–43.0) | |
I have the healthcare providers I need to help me work | 343 | 0 | 3 | 2.67 (0.69) | 5.8 | 28.0 | 59.5 | 6.7 | 33.8 (31.1–43.5) | |
I can rely on at least one healthcare provider | 343 | 0 | 3 | 2.61 (0.75) | 7.6 | 32.4 | 51.6 | 8.5 | 40.0 (39.2–53.2) | |
2.66 (0.70) | 36.2 | |||||||||
2. Having sufficient information to manage my health | ||||||||||
I feel I have good information about health | 343 | 0 | 3 | 2.80 (0.62) | 2.9 | 22.4 | 66.8 | 7.9 | 25.3 (22.9–34.3) | |
I have enough information to help me deal with my | 343 | 0 | 3 | 2.60 (0.62) | 1.7 | 42 | 50.7 | 5.5 | 43.7 (40.6–52.3)) | |
I am sure I have all the information I need to manage | 343 | 0 | 3 | 2.59 (0.68) | 3.8 | 40.5 | 48.4 | 7.3 | 44.3 (39.7–52.0) | |
I have all the information I need to look after my health | 343 | 0 | 3 | 2.58 (0.68) | 4.1 | 41.1 | 47.8 | 7.0 | 45.2 (39.8–52.5) | |
2.64 (0.65) | 39.6 | |||||||||
3. Actively managing my health | ||||||||||
I spend quite a lot of time actively managing my health | 343 | 0 | 3 | 2.77 (0.66) | 1.5 | 31.2 | 56.0 | 11.4 | 32.7 (30.2–41.0) | |
I make plans for what I need to do to be healthy. | 343 | 0 | 3 | 2.60 (0.78) | 9.9 | 28.9 | 52.8 | 8.5 | 38.8 (33.5–48.0) | |
Despite other things in my life, I make time to be healthy | 343 | 0 | 3 | 2.83 (0.64) | 2.3 | 23.6 | 63.0 | 11.1 | 25.9 (23.4–34.3) | |
I set my own goals about health and fitness | 343 | 0 | 3 | 2.62 (0.74) | 8.2 | 29.2 | 55.4 | 7.3 | 37.4 (31.1–44.6) | |
There are things that I do regularly to make myself more healthy | 343 | 0 | 3 | 2.87 (0.63) | 2.3 | 19.5 | 66.5 | 11.7 | 21.8 (18.0–28.4) | |
2.74 (0.69) | 31.3 | |||||||||
4. Social support for health | ||||||||||
I can get access to several people who understand and … | 343 | 0 | 3 | 3.03 (0.61) | 0.3 | 16.6 | 63.3 | 19.8 | 16.9 (15.8–23.2) | |
When I feel ill, the people around me really understand | 343 | 0 | 3 | 2.99 (0.58) | 0.9 | 14.6 | 69.1 | 15.5 | 15.5 (12.8–21.6) | |
If I need help, I have plenty of people I can rely on. | 343 | 0 | 3 | 2.94 (0.73) | 3.2 | 20.1 | 56.6 | 20.1 | 23.3 (20.8–32.2) | |
I have at least one person who can come to medical | 343 | 0 | 3 | 3.15 (0.63) | 1.5 | 9.3 | 62.4 | 26.8 | 10.8 (9.7–18.1) | |
I have strong support from family or friends. | 343 | 0 | 3 | 3.13 (0.62) | 1.5 | 9.0 | 65.0 | 24.5 | 10.5 (8.8–16.9) | |
3.05 (0.63) | 15.4 | |||||||||
5. Appraisal of health information | ||||||||||
I compare health information from different sources | 343 | 0 | 3 | 2.73 (0.67) | 2.9 | 30.6 | 56.6 | 9.9 | 33.5 (28.4–40.8) | |
When I see new information about health, I check up | 343 | 0 | 3 | 2.64 (0.69) | 5.5 | 31.8 | 55.7 | 7.0 | 37.3 (32.7–45.7) | |
I always compare health information from different sources | 343 | 0 | 3 | 2.62 (0.69) | 4.7 | 35.6 | 52.8 | 7.0 | 40.3 (34.9–48.0) | |
I know how to find out if the health information I receive is | 343 | 0 | 3 | 2.60 (0.69) | 6.4 | 32.4 | 55.7 | 5.5 | 38.8 (34.0–47.3) | |
I ask healthcare providers about the quality of the | 343 | 0 | 3 | 2.70 (0.71) | 5.0 | 29.7 | 55.4 | 9.9 | 34.7 (31.6–44.1) | |
2.66 (0.69) | 36.9 | |||||||||
6. Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers | ||||||||||
Make sure that healthcare providers understand your … | 343 | 0 | 4 | 3.39 (0.88) | 2.6 | 12.0 | 35.3 | 43.7 | 6.4 | 49.9 (44.6–62.7) |
Feel able to discuss your health concerns with a … | 343 | 0 | 4 | 3.39 (0.92) | 3.2 | 13.1 | 32.4 | 43.7 | 7.6 | 48.7 (43.1–61.7) |
Have good discussions about your health with doctors | 343 | 0 | 3 | 3.27 (0.90) | 2.6 | 15.7 | 40.5 | 34.4 | 6.7 | 58.8 (53.2–72.2) |
Discuss things with healthcare providers until you understand … | 343 | 0 | 3 | 3.31 (0.89) | 4.1 | 11.1 | 40.2 | 39.1 | 5.5 | 55.4 (49.8–68.3) |
Ask healthcare providers questions to get the | 343 | 0 | 4 | 3.47 (0.84) | 1.2 | 11.1 | 35.6 | 44.0 | 8.2 | 47.9 (43.3–60.0) |
3.37 (0.89) | 52.1 | |||||||||
7. Navigating the healthcare system | ||||||||||
Find the right healthcare | 343 | 0 | 4 | 3.34 (0.93) | 2.6 | 19.0 | 25.4 | 47.8 | 5.2 | 47.0 (42.0–61.3) |
Get to see the healthcare providers I need to | 343 | 0 | 3 | 2.95 (1.12) | 11.4 | 23.6 | 31.2 | 26.5 | 7.3 | 66.2 (57.5–80.7) |
decide which healthcare provider you need to see | 343 | 0 | 3 | 3.32 (0.87) | 1.7 | 15.5 | 38.5 | 37.9 | 6.4 | 55.7 (49.1–67.0) |
Make sure you find the right place to get the health … | 343 | 0 | 4 | 3.47 (0.84) | 0.9 | 12.5 | 32.9 | 45.8 | 7.9 | 46.3 (40.3–57.5) |
Find out what healthcare services you are entitled to | 343 | 0 | 3 | 2.88 (1.10) | 12.5 | 20.7 | 36.7 | 25.9 | 4.1 | 69.9 (59.9–82.5) |
Work out what is the best care for you | 343 | 0 | 3 | 3.39 (0.92) | 2.3 | 14.9 | 33.2 | 40.8 | 8.7 | 50.4 (46.1–64.0) |
3.23 (0.96) | 55.9 | |||||||||
8. Ability to find good health information | ||||||||||
Find information about health problems | 343 | 0 | 3 | 3.36 (0.91) | 3.8 | 11.4 | 37.6 | 39.9 | 7.3 | 52.8 (45.7–64.7) |
Find health information from several different places | 343 | 0 | 3 | 3.30 (0.96) | 2.6 | 18.1 | 35.3 | 35.0 | 9.0 | 56.0 (49.0–68.5) |
Get information about health so you are up to date … | 343 | 0 | 3 | 3.08 (0.98) | 5.0 | 23.3 | 37.3 | 28.0 | 6.4 | 65.6 (57.0–78.2) |
Get health information in words you understand | 343 | 0 | 4 | 3.50 (0.82) | 0.9 | 11.7 | 31.5 | 49.0 | 7.0 | 44.1 (38.3–55.7) |
Get health information by yourself | 343 | 0 | 4 | 3.47 (0.76) | 0.3 | 9.9 | 37.6 | 46.6 | 5.5 | 47.8 (41.9–57.7) |
3.34 (0.89) | 53.3 | |||||||||
9. Understanding health information well enough to know what to do | ||||||||||
Confidently fill medical forms in the correct way | 343 | 0 | 4 | 3.53 (0.91) | 3.2 | 7.6 | 34.1 | 43.4 | 11.7 | 44.9 (38.8–55.9) |
Accurately follow the instructions from healthcare providers | 343 | 0 | 4 | 3.78 (0.83) | 0.6 | 6.7 | 24.2 | 51.3 | 17.2 | 31.5 (26.2–41.2) |
Read and understand written health information | 343 | 0 | 3 | 3.36 (0.93) | 3.2 | 14.3 | 33.8 | 40.8 | 7.9 | 51.3 (43.6–62.7) |
Read and understand all the information on medication labels | 343 | 0 | 3 | 3.30 (0.87) | 3.2 | 13.1 | 38.5 | 40.5 | 4.7 | 54.8 (48.2–67.1) |
Understand what healthcare providers are asking you to do | 343 | 0 | 4 | 3.76 (0.79) | 0.6 | 5.8 | 24.8 | 54.2 | 14.6 | 31.2 (28.4–42.5) |
3.55 (0.87) | 42.7 | |||||||||