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Table 1 Pre-measurement and post-measurement data and percentage changes in body composition and resting HR

From: Is the goal of 12,000 steps per day sufficient for improving body composition and metabolic syndrome? The necessity of combining exercise intensity: a randomized controlled trial

Variable

Group

Pre

Post

∆ Chang (%)

ES (95% CI)

Weight (kg)

CG

88.40 (8.93)

88.73 (8.80)

+ 0.41 (1.51)

0.34 (− 6.18 to 5.41)

WS

82.28 (14.75)

82.52 (14.47)

+ 0.43 (3.47)

0.12 (−8.47 to 8.06)

WE

79.25 (8.20)

78.37 (9.30)

−1.19 (3.50)

0.48 (−4.36 to 5.98)

BMI (kg/m2)

CG

31.02 (3.34)

31.13 (3.23)

+ 0.38 (2.08)

0.22 (−2.41 to 1.89)

WS

30.68 (3.53)

30.65 (3.37)

+ 0.02 (3.22)

0.03 (−1.96 to 1.94)

WE

29.45 (1.86)

29.07 (2.25)

−1.29 (3.83)

0.49 (−0.60 to 1.82)

HIP (cm)

CG

109.08 (8.82)

109.56 (7.53)

+ 0.59 (4.53)

0.14 (−5.91 to 4.78)

WS

109.96 (7.64)

109.13 (7.97)

−0.77 (1.66)

0.68 (−3.64 to 5.19)

WE

108.52 (5.55)

106.02 (6.05)

−2.28 (3.27)

0.97 (− 2.30 to 4.55)*

WHR

CG

0.90 (0.05)

0.89 (0.06)

−1.30 (4.60)

0.42 (0.38 to 0.45)

WS

0.86 (0.05)

0.86 (0.08)

−0.49 (5.70)

0.14 (0.11 to 0.18)

WE

0.92 (0.16)

0.84 (0.07)

−6.95 (10.00)

0.98 (0.88 to 1.02)

FAT (%)

CG

33.68 (7.96)

34.03 (7.22)

+ 1.75 (7.57)

0.22 (−5.42 to 4.50)

WS

37.53 (7.89)

38.26 (7.48)

+ 2.30 (5.33)

0.54 (−5.00 to 3.70)

WE

38.38 (6.06)

37.86 (6.09)

−1.38 (4.60)

0.45 (−3.13 to 4.05)

SMM (kg)

CG

32.90 (3.95)

32.94 (4.03)

+ 0.16 (3.62)

0.05 (−2.63 to 2.58)

WS

28.61 (7.25)

28.48 (7.34)

−0.46 (2.83)

0.24 (−3.86 to 4.39)

WE

27.15 (4.79)

27.05 (4.77)

−0.28 (3.65)

0.13 (−2.70 to 2.95)

VFA (cm2)

CG

96.83 (29.11)

95.83 (31.24)

−0.97 (12.81)

0.10 (−18.91 to 20.51)

WS

101.60 (36.89)

100.53 (34.04)

−0.18 (8.89)

0.17 (− 20.70 to 19.43)

WE

93.05 (18.98)

80.32 (15.54)

−13.11 (9.83)‡

2.08 (−9.14 to 11.26) *

Resting heart rate (bpm)

CG

79.78 (7.85)

73.67 (7.81)

−7.08 (11.61)

0.91 (−4.23 to 6.01)

WS

75.92 (10.13)

75.58 (7.73)

+ 0.51 (11.52)

0.05 (−5.68 to 4.42)

WE

78.73 (10.02)

70.91 (7.82)

−9.05 (12.11)

1.04 (−4.89 to 5.65)*

  1. * P < .05: significantly different from pre-measurement
  2. ‡ P < .05: significantly different from CG and WSG. 95% confidence interval of the mean absolute difference between the groups