Table 4 Social support and suicide risk. Support perceived, solicited, received, and unmet support needs
From: Risk of suicide in households threatened with eviction: the role of banks and social support
| Â | Suicide risk | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men n (%) | Women n (%) | Total n (%) | ||||||||||
No | Yes | Total | p | No | Yes | Total | p | No | Yes | Total | p | |
Support perceived (Duke’s-UNC scale) | ||||||||||||
 High | 33 (78.6%) | 27 (71.1%) | 60 (75%) |  | 46 (74.2%) | 23 (43.4%) | 69 (60%) |  | 79 (76%) | 50 (54.9%) | 129 (66.2%) |  |
 Low | 9 (21.4%) | 11 (28.9%) | 20 (25.0%) |  | 16 (25.8%) | 30 (56.6%) | 46 (40%) | *** | 25 (24%) | 41 (45.1%) | 66 (33.8%) | ** |
Source of support soliciteda | ||||||||||||
 Formal support networks | ||||||||||||
  No | 28 (66.7%) | 16 (42.1%) | 44 (55%) |  | 33 (53.2%) | 20 (37.7%) | 53 (46.1%) |  | 61 (58.7%) | 36 (39.6%) | 97 (49.7%) |  |
  Yes | 14 (33.3%) | 22 (57.9%) | 36 (45.0%) | * | 29 (46.8%) | 33 (63.%) | 62 (53.9%) | †| 43 (41.3%) | 55 (60.4%) | 98 (50.3%) | ** |
 Informal support networks | ||||||||||||
  No | 32 (76.2%) | 26 (68.4%) | 58 (72.5%) |  | 42 (67.7%) | 32 (60.4%) | 74 (64.3%) |  | 74 (71.4%) | 58 (63.7%) | 132 (67.7%) |  |
  Yes | 10 (23.8%) | 12 (31.6%) | 22 (27.5%) |  | 20 (32,3%) | 21 (39.6%) | 41 (35.7%) |  | 30 (28.8%) | 33 (36.3%) | 63 (32.3%) |  |
 Family/friends | ||||||||||||
  No | 12 (28.6%) | 20 (52.6%) | 32 (40.0%) |  | 25 (40.3%) | 17 (32.1%) | 42 (36.5%) |  | 37 (35.6%) | 37 (40.7%) | 74 (37.9%) |  |
  Yes | 30 (71.4%) | 18 (47.4%) | 48 (60.0%) | * | 37 (59.7%) | 36 (67.9%) | 73 (63.5%) |  | 67 (64.4%) | 54 (59.3%) | 121 (62.1%) |  |
Source of support receivedb | ||||||||||||
 Formal support networks | ||||||||||||
  No | 3 (21.4%) | 7 (31.8%) | 10 (27.8%) |  | 14 (48.3%) | 11 (33.3%) | 25 (40.3%) |  | 17 (39.5%) | 18 (32.7%) | 35 (35.7%) |  |
  Yes | 11 (78.6%) | 15 (68.2%) | 26 (72.2%) |  | 15 (51.7%) | 22 (66.7%) | 37 (59.7%) |  | 26 (60.5%) | 37 (67.3%) | 63 (64.3%) |  |
 Informal support networks | ||||||||||||
  No | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (8.3%) | 1 (4.5%) |  | 9 (45.0%) | 2 (9.5%) | 11 (26.8%) |  | 9 (30.0%) | 3 (9.1%) | 12 (19.0%) |  |
  Yes | 10 (100%) | 11 (91.7%) | 21 (95.5%) |  | 11 (55,0%) | 19 (90.5%) | 30 (73.2%) | ** | 21 (70%) | 30 (90.9%) | 51 (81.0%) | * |
 Family/friends | ||||||||||||
  No | 1 (3.3%) | 2 (11.1%) | 3 (6.3%) |  | 5 (13.5%) | 8 (22.2%) | 13 (17.8%) |  | 6 (9.0%) | 10 (18.5%) | 16 (13.2%) |  |
  Yes | 29 (96.7%) | 16 (88.9%) | 45 (93.8%) |  | 32 (86.5%) | 28 (77.8%) | 60 (82.2%) |  | 61 (91.0%) | 44 (81.5%) | 105 (86.8%) |  |
Type of help received, regardless the support network | ||||||||||||
 Material help | ||||||||||||
  No | 14 (34.0%) | 15 (37.5%) | 29 (35.4%) |  | 25 (37.9%) | 14 (25.5%) | 39 (32.2%) |  | 39 (36.1%) | 29 (30.5%) | 68 (33.5%) |  |
  Yes | 28 (66.7%) | 25 (62.5%) | 53 (64.6%) |  | 41 (62.1%) | 41 (74.5%) | 82 (67.8%) |  | 69 (63.9%) | 66 (69.5%) | 135 (66.5%) |  |
 Emotional help | ||||||||||||
  No | 16 (38.1%) | 28 (70.0%) | 44 (53.7%) |  | 32 (48.5%) | 24 (44.4%) | 56 (46.7%) |  | 48 (44.4%) | 52 (55.3%) | 100 (49.5%) |  |
  Yes | 26 (61.9%) | 12 (30.0%) | 38 (46.3%) | ** | 34 (51.5%) | 30 (55.6%) | 64 (53.3%) |  | 60 (55.6%) | 42 (44.7%) | 102 (50.5%) |  |
 Legal help | ||||||||||||
  No | 33 (79.6%) | 33 (82.5%) | 66 (80.5%) |  | 48 (72.7%) | 47 (87.0%) | 95 (79.2%) |  | 81 (75.0%) | 80 (85.1%) | 161 (79.7%) |  |
  Yes | 9 (21.4%) | 7 (17.5%) | 16 (19.5%) |  | 18 (27.3%) | 7 (13.0%) | 25 (20.8%) |  | 27 (25.0%) | 14 (14.9%) | 41 (20.3%) |  |
Amount of unmet support needs (up to 3) | ||||||||||||
 None | 1 (2.4%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.3%) |  | 8 (12.9%) | 4 (7.5%) | 12 (10.4%) |  | 9 (8.7%) | 4 (4.4%) | 13 (6.7%) |  |
 1 | 19 (45.2%) | 14 (36.8%) | 33 (41.3%) |  | 26 (41.9%) | 14 (26.4%) | 40 (34.8%) |  | 45 (43.3%) | 28 (30.8%) | 73 (37.4%) |  |
 2 | 14 (33.3%) | 10 (26.3%) | 24 (30.0%) |  | 22 (35.5%) | 14 (26.4%) | 36 (31.3%) |  | 36 (34.6%) | 24 (26.4%) | 60 (30.8%) |  |
 3 | 8 (19.0%) | 14 (36.8%) | 22 (27.5%) |  | 6 (9.7%) | 21 (39.6%) | 27 (23.5%) | ** | 14 (13.5%) | 35 (38.5%) | 49 (25.1%) | *** |
Type of unmet support needs. | ||||||||||||
 Seeking an alternative house | ||||||||||||
  Not selected | 37 (88.1%) | 33 (86.8%) | 70 (87.5%) |  | 59 (95.2%) | 47 (88.7%) | 106 (92.2%) |  | 96 (92.3%) | 80 (87.9%) | 176 (90.3%) |  |
  Selected | 5 (11.9%) | 5 (13.2%) | 10 (12.5%) |  | 3 (4.8%) | 6 (11.3%) | 9 (7.8%) |  | 8 (7.7%) | 11 (12.1%) | 19 (9.7%) |  |
 Psychological help | ||||||||||||
  Not selected | 32 (57.9%) | 24 (42.1%) | 54 (100%) |  | 45 (72.5%) | 28 (52.8%) | 73 (63.5%) |  | 77 (74.0%) | 50 (54.9%) | 127 (65.1%) |  |
  Selected | 10 (23.8%) | 16 (64.0%) | 26 (32,5%) | †| 17 (27.4%) | 25 (47.2%) | 42 (36.5%) | * | 27 (26.0%) | 41 (59.4%) | 68 (34.6%) | ** |
 Emotional help | ||||||||||||
  Not selected | 34 (81.0%) | 24 (63.2%) | 58 (72.5%) |  | 49 (79.0%) | 29 (54.7%) | 78 (67.8%) |  | 83 (79.8%) | 53 (58.2%) | 136 (69.7%) |  |
  Selected | 8 (19.0%) | 14 (36.8%) | 22 (27.5%) | †| 13 (21.0%) | 24 (45.3%) | 37 (32.2%) | ** | 21 (20.2%) | 38 (41.8%) | 59 (30.3%) | *** |
Better health and social care support | ||||||||||||
 No | 36 (85.7%) | 32 (84.2%) | 68 (85.0%) |  | 57 (91.9%) | 46 (86.8%) | 103 (89.6%) |  | 80 (59.7%) | 54 (40.3%) | 134 (84.8%) |  |
 Yes | 6 (14.3%) | 6 (15.8%) | 12 (15.0%) |  | 5 (8.1%) | 7 (13.2%) | 12 (10.4%) |  | 11 (10.6%) | 13 (14.3%) | 24 (12.3%) |  |
 Legal help | ||||||||||||
 No | 26 (61.9%) | 26 (68.1%) | 52 (65.0%) |  | 47 (75.8%) | 40 (75.5%) | 87 (75.7%) |  | 73 (70.2%) | 66 (72.5%) | 139 (71.3%) |  |
 Yes | 16 (38.1%) | 12 (31.6%) | 28 (35.0%) |  | 15 (24.2%) | 13 (24.5%) | 28 (24.3%) |  | 31 (29.8%) | 25 (27.5%) | 56 (28.7%) |  |
Negotiation with banks | ||||||||||||
 No | 22 (52.4%) | 21 (55.3%) | 43 (53.8%) |  | 38 (61.3%) | 30 (56.6%) | 68 (59.1%) |  | 60 (57.7%) | 51 (56.0%) | 111 (56.9%) |  |
 Yes | 20 (47.6%) | 17 (44.7%) | 37 (46.3%) |  | 24 (38.7%) | 23 (43.4%) | 47 (40.9%) |  | 44 (42.3%) | 40 (44.0%) | 84 (43.1%) |  |