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Table 2 Factors associated with neonatal, post-neonatal, infant, child and under-five mortalities in Tanzania, 2004–2016

From: Determinants of trends in neonatal, post-neonatal, infant, child and under-five mortalities in Tanzania from 2004 to 2016

 

Neonatal

(0–28 days)

Post-neonatal

(1–11 months)

Infant

(0–11 months)

Child

(12–59 months)

Under-five

(0–59 months)

Variables

AHR (95%CI)

AHR (95%CI)

AHR (95%CI)

AHR (95%CI)

AHR (95%CI)

Year of survey

 2004–2005

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 2010

0.79 (0.61–1.02)

0.65 (0.51–0.84)

0.71 (0.59–0.85)

0.57 (0.43–0.76)

0.69 (0.59–0.80)

 2015–2016

0.75 (0.59–0.95)

0.47 (0.36–0.61)

0.62 (0.52―0.74)

0.50 (0.37–0.68)

0.60 (0.51–0.70)

Residence type

 Urban

Ref

 

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Rural

0.61 (0.48–0.78)

 

0.80 (0.66―0.96)

0.55 (0.38–0.81)

0.79 (0.67–0.93)

 Socio-demographic factor

     

Household wealth index

 Rich

–

–

–

Ref

–

 Middle

–

–

–

2.03 (1.19–3.46)

–

 Poor

–

–

–

2.18 (1.25–3.81)

–

Mother’s education

 Secondary or higher

–

–

–

Ref

Ref

 Primary

–

–

–

2.47 (1.21–5.07)

1.38 (1.06–1.80)

 No education

–

–

–

2.68 (1.27–5.67)

1.32 (0.99–1.77)

Mother’s age (Years)

 30―39

Ref

Ref

Ref

–

–

  < 20

3.30 (2.07–5.26)

6.50 (3.39–12.5)

4.50 (3.03–6.68)

–

–

 20―29

0.97 (0.72–1.32)

1.93 (1.39–2.68)

1.34 (1.05–1.71)

  

 40―49

0.76 (0.53–1.09)

0.98 (0.65–1.49)

0.88 (0.66–1.16)

  

Wanted pregnancy at the time

 Wanted then

–

Ref

–

–

Ref

 Wanted later

–

0.71 (0.51–0.99)

–

–

0.78 (0.66–0.91)

 Unwanted

–

1.32 (0.71–2.49)

–

–

0.89 (0.63–1.26)

Father’s education+

 Secondary or higher

–

Ref

–

–

–

 Primary

–

1.13 (0.77–1.65)

–

–

–

 No education

–

1.53 (1.02–2.29)

–

–

–

Birth rank and birth interval+

 2 or 3 child, interval > 2

Ref

Ref

Ref

 

Ref

 First child

1.45 (1.09–1.92)

0.82 (0.59–1.15)

1.10 (0.89―1.35)

 

1.39 (1.18–1.63)

 2 or 3 child, interval ≤ 2

1.42 (0.97–2.08)

1.19 (0.78–1.80)

1.27 (0.98―1.64)

 

1.43 (1.14–1.79)

 4 or more child, interval > 2

1.08 (0.77–1.53)

1.64 (1.14–2.36)

1.28 (0.98―1.67)

 

1.04 (0.88–1.24)

 4 or more child, interval ≤ 2

1.91 (1.30–2.79)

2.03 (1.33–3.12)

1.84 (1.37―2.47)

 

1.58 (1.27–1.98)

Child sex

 Female

Ref

–

Ref

–

Ref

 Male

1.59 (1.29–1.96)

–

1.22 (1.05–1.42)

–

1.21 (1.07–1.37)

Mother’s perceived baby size+

 Average or larger

Ref

Ref

Ref

–

Ref

 Small or very small

2.73 (2.11–3.52)

1.43 (1.04–1.98)

2.00 (1.63–2.45)

–

1.90 (1.59–2.27)

Mode of delivery+

 Non-caesarean

Ref

Ref

Ref

–

–

 Caesarean section

1.94 (1.34–2.80)

1.82 (1.14–2.91)

1.84 (1.38–2.46)

–

–

  1. AHR Adjusted hazard ratios; 95% CI: 95% Confidence interval
  2. Variables adjusted for: place of residence, wealth index, mother’s (religion, education, age, body mass index, work status and desire for pregnancy), father’s education, child’s (sex, birth place, body size, mode of delivery, delivery assistance, birth order and birth
  3. Interval). Multiple births were excluded from the analysis
  4. Caesarean section is a combination of both elective and emergency caesareans; − variables that were not statistically significant