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Table 1 Distribution of all childhood mortality rates with 95% confidence interval (CI), TDHS 2004–2016

From: Determinants of trends in neonatal, post-neonatal, infant, child and under-five mortalities in Tanzania from 2004 to 2016

Variables

NMR

PMR

IMR

CMR

U5MR

Community level factor

 Residence type

  Urban

33 (29 ― 38)

18 (14 ― 21)

51 (45 ― 57)

17 (13 ―20)

68 (61 ― 74)

  Rural

21 (19 ― 23)

23 (21 ― 25)

44 (41 ― 47)

15 (14 ―17)

59 (56 ― 63)

Socioeconomic level factor

 Household wealth index

  Rich

31 (25 ― 36)

19 (15 ― 23)

50 (43 ― 57)

10 (7 ― 13)

60 (53 ― 68)

  Middle

24 (21 ― 27)

21 (18 ― 24)

45 (41 ― 49)

17 (14 ―19)

62 (57 ― 67)

  Poor

21 (19 ― 24)

23 (20 ― 26)

44 (40 ― 48)

16 (14 ―19)

61 (56 ― 65)

 Mother’s education

  Secondary or higher

28 (21 ― 35)

12 (7 ― 16)

41 (32 ― 49)

5 (2 ― 8)

45 (36 ― 54)

  Primary

25 (23 ― 28)

22 (19 ― 24)

47 (44 ― 50)

16 (14 ―18)

63 (59 ― 67)

  No education

18 (15 ― 22)

26 (22 ― 30)

44 (39 ― 49)

18 (15 ―22)

62 (56 ― 68)

 Mother’s working status

  Working

23 (21 ― 25)

23 (21 ― 26)

46 (43 ― 49)

16 (14 ―18)

62 (59 ― 66)

  Not working

28 (23 ― 33)

15 (11 ― 19)

43 (37 ― 49)

13 (10 ―17)

56 (49 ― 63)

 Father’s education

  Secondary or higher

31 (24 ― 38)

15 (10 ― 19)

46 (38 ― 54)

8 (4 ― 11)

53 (45 ― 63)

  Primary

22 (20 ― 25)

21 (19 ― 23)

44 (40 ― 47)

18 (16 ―20)

61 (57 ― 65)

  No education

20 (15 ― 24)

29 (24 ― 34)

49 (42 ― 55)

14 (10 ―17)

62 (54 ― 70)

Individual level factor

 Mother’s age (Years)

  30―39

24 (21 ― 27)

20 (17 ― 23)

44 (40 ― 48)

15 (13 ―18)

59 (54 ― 64)

   < 20

37 (28 ― 47)

18 (11 ― 24)

55 (43 ― 66)

11 (6 ― 16)

66 (53 ― 78)

  20―29

23 (20 ― 25)

23 (20 ― 25)

45 (42 ― 49)

16 (14 ―18)

61 (57 ― 65)

  40―49

21 (15 ― 27)

26 (19 ― 32)

47 (38 ― 56)

18 (13 ―24)

65 (54 ― 75)

 Mother’s body mass index (MBMI, kg/m2)

  MBMI > 18.5

24 (22 ― 26)

22 (20 ― 24)

46 (43 ― 48)

16 (14 ―17)

61 (58 ― 64)

  MBMI ≤18,5

23 (16 ― 30)

19 (13 ― 25)

43 (33 ― 52)

16 (11 ―22)

58 (48 ― 69)

 Wanted pregnancy at the time

  Wanted then

24 (22 ― 27)

23 (21 ― 26)

48 (45 ― 51)

16 (14 ―18)

64 (60 ― 67)

  Wanted later

20 (17 ― 24)

13 (10 ― 16)

34 (29 ― 38)

15 (12 ―18)

48 (42 ― 54)

  No more

24 (15 ― 34)

22 (13 ― 30)

46 (34 ― 59)

9 (3 ― 15)

55 (41 ― 69)

 Birth order

  Second or third child

36 (30 ― 41)

24 (19 ― 30)

60 (52 ― 68)

33 (24 ― 41)

91 (81 ― 101)

  Fourth or more

20 (16 ― 24)

24 (20 ― 28)

44 (39 ― 49)

33 (26 ― 40)

75 (68 ― 83)

 Birth interval

  Interval ≤ 24 months

30 (23 ― 37)

31 (24 ― 38)

61 (50 ― 71)

40 (28 ― 51)

98 (82 ― 114)

  Interval > 24 months

18 (15 ― 21)

23 (20 ― 26)

41 (38 ― 45)

33 (27 ― 39)

73 (66 ― 80)

 Birth order and birth interval

  2nd or 3rd child, interval > 2

18 (15 ― 22)

20 (16 ― 23)

38 (34 ― 43)

15 (12 ―18)

53 (48 ― 59)

  First child

35 (31 ― 40)

21 (18 ― 25)

57 (51 ― 63)

15 (12 ―18)

72 (65 ― 79)

  2nd or 3rd child, interval ≤ 2

26 (19 ― 34)

25 (18 ― 33)

52 (42 ― 62)

17 (12 ―24)

69 (58 ― 81)

  4th or more child, interval > 2

18 (15 ― 21)

21 (18 ― 24)

39 (34 ― 43)

15 (13 ―18)

54 (49 ― 59)

  4th or more child, interval ≤ 2

32 (25 ― 39)

29 (22 ― 36)

61 (51 ― 71)

17 (12 ―23)

78 (67 ― 89)

 Sex

  Female

18 (16 ― 21)

22 (20 ― 25)

41 (37 ― 44)

14 (12 ―17)

55 (51 ― 59)

  Male

29 (26 ― 32)

21 (19 ― 24)

50 (46 ― 54)

17 (14 ―19)

67 (62 ― 71)

 Mother’s perceived baby size at birth

  Average or larger

20 (18 ― 22)

21 (19 ― 23)

41 (38 ― 43)

15 (14 ―17)

56 (53 ― 59)

  Small or very small

57 (47 ― 67)

26 (20 ― 33)

83 (72 ― 95)

20 (15 ―26)

104(90―117)

Health service factor

 Delivery assistance

  Health professional

27 (23 ― 31)

23 (19 ― 26)

49 (45 ― 54)

16 (14 ―19)

66 (60 ― 72)

  Non-health professional

22 (19 ― 24)

21 (19 ― 23)

43 (39 ― 46)

15 (13 ―17)

57 (53 ― 62)

 Mode of delivery

  Non-caesarean

23 (21 ― 25)

21 (20 ― 23)

44 (42 ― 47)

16 (14 ―18)

60 (57 ― 63)

  Caesarean section

48 (35 ― 61)

24 (15 ― 33)

71 (55 ― 86)

6 (2 ― 11)

78 (62 ― 94)

 Place of delivery

  Health facility

28 (24 ― 33)

18 (15 ― 22)

47 (41 ― 52)

14 (11 ―17)

61 (54 ― 67)

  Home

20 (17 ― 22)

23 (20 ― 26)

42 (39 ― 46)

17 (15 ―20)

60 (55 ― 64)