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Table 2 Risk of childhood overweight and obesity calculated from logistic regression models

From: Infancy weight gain, parental socioeconomic position, and childhood overweight and obesity: a Danish register-based cohort study

 

Unadjusted model

Intermediate model 1aa

Intermediate model 1bb

Adjusted model 2ac

Adjusted model 2bd

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

Weight gain category

 Slow

0.48

0.39–0.60

0.49

0.39–0.61

0.49

0.39–0.61

0.27

0.21–0.34

0.27

0.21–0.34

 Mean

1

–

1

–

1

–

1

–

1

–

 Rapid

2.18

1.90–2.51

2.18

1.90–2.51

2.17

1.88–2.49

3.08

2.66–3.58

3.09

2.66–3.59

 Very rapid

4.10

3.59–4.68

4.14

3.36–4.72

4.10

3.59–4.67

7.59

6.52–8.83

7.58

6.51–8.83

Level of maternal education

 ISCED 0–2

1.22

1.03–1.45

1.14

0.95–1.36

  

1.15

0.95–1.40

  

 ISCED 4

1.32

1.09–1.59

1.34

1.10–1.62

  

1.20

0.98–1.47

  

 ISCED 5–6

1.12

0.93–1.36

1.18

0.97–1.44

  

1.10

0.90–1.34

  

 ISCED 7–8

1

–

1

–

  

1

–

  

Household income (quartiles)

 Low

1.40

1.21–1.63

  

1.28

1.10–1.50

  

1.34

1.13–1.59

 Low-middle

1.19

1.02–1.39

  

1.16

0.99–1.36

  

1.16

0.98–1.37

 High-middle

1.16

1.00–1.36

  

1.18

1.00–1.38

  

1.12

0.95–1.32

 High

1

–

  

1

–

  

1

–

Child sex

 Male

1

–

    

1

–

1

–

 Female

0.89

0.80–0.99

    

0.94

0.84–1.05

0.94

0.84–1.05

Size for gestational age at birth

 SGA

0.60

0.45–0.79

    

0.31

0.24–0.42

0.32

0.24–0.42

 AGA

1

–

    

1

–

1

–

 LGA

2.30

2.02–2.61

    

5.26

4.50–6.14

5.27

4.51–6.16

Parity

 1

1.01

0.90–1.13

    

0.88

0.77–1.00

0.84

0.74–0.96

 2

1

–

    

1

–

1

–

  > 2

1.01

0.85–1.20

    

0.93

0.77–1.11

0.93

0.78–1.12

Gestational age at birth

 37 weeks

1.04

0.81–1.34

    

0.43

0.33–0.56

0.43

0.33–0.56

 38 weeks

1.07

0.91–1.27

    

0.62

0.52–0.74

0.62

0.52–0.74

 39 weeks

0.91

0.79–1.06

    

0.75

0.64–0.88

0.75

0.64–0.88

 40 weeks

1

–

    

1

–

1

–

 41 weeks

1.06

0.92–1.21

    

1.23

1.06–1.43

1.23

1.06–1.43

Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI

 Underweight

0.52

0.35–0.78

    

0.56

0.37–0.84

0.55

0.37–0.83

 Normal weight

1

–

    

1

–

1

–

 Overweight

1.43

1.26–1.63

    

1.34

1.17–1.54

1.34

1.17–1.54

 Obesity I

1.89

1.60–2.23

    

1.67

1.40–2.01

1.68

1.40–2.01

 Obesity II + III

2.36

1.92–2.90

    

2.10

1.67–2.64

2.10

1.67–2.64

Gestational diabetes

 Yes

1.40

1.09–1.80

    

1.17

0.89–1.54

1.18

0.90–1.55

 No

1

–

    

1

–

1

–

Maternal smoking during pregnancy

 Yes

1.48

1.22–1.80

    

1.22

0.98–1.51

1.16

0.93–1.43

 Stoppede

1.54

1.20–1.97

    

1.45

1.11–1.89

1.40

1.08–1.83

 No

1

–

    

1

–

1

–

Mode of delivery

 Caesarean

1.07

0.94–1.22

    

0.99

0.85–1.14

0.99

0.86–1.15

 Vaginal

1

–

    

1

–

1

–

Duration of breastfeeding

 0–2 months

1.23

1.07–1.42

    

0.89

0.76–1.04

0.89

0.76–1.03

 2–4 months

0.96

0.81–1.15

    

0.84

0.70–1.01

0.84

0.70–1.01

 4–6 months

1

–

    

1

–

1

–

  > 6 months

0.85

0.68–1.05

    

0.81

0.65–1.01

0.81

0.65–1.01

  1. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of overweight and obesity in the study population (n = 19,894), based on imputed data. Abbreviations: ISCED (International Standard Classification of Education), SGA (Small-for-gestational age), AGA (Appropriate-for-gestational age), LGA (Large-for-gestational age). aAdjusted for maternal education and control variables (region, birth year and number of database registrations), bAdjusted for household income and control variables (region, birth year and number of database registrations), cAdjusted for maternal education, all covariates and control variables (region, birth year and number of database registrations), dAdjusted for household income, all covariates and control variables (region, birth year and number of database registrations), eStopped during pregnancy