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Table 3 Multilevel multivariate linear regression analysis with individual and country level predictors in 53 countries

From: Effect of national culture on BMI: a multilevel analysis of 53 countries

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 5

 

β

SE

β

SE

β

SE

β

SE

β

SE

Fixed Effect

 Intercept

23.3

0.26***

23.3

0.24***

23.5

0.26***

23.5

0.26***

23.2

0.26***

Country Level

 GNI-PPP/10000

0.51

0.14***

0.44

0.13**

0.41

0.13**

0.45

0.13**

0.51

0.13**

 Gini

0.05

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.07

0.02**

0.06

0.02*

0.05

0.02

 UAI

  

0.03

0.009**

      

 IDV

    

0.03

0.009*

    

 PDI

      

- 0.02

0.009*

  

 MAS

        

0.005

0.009

Individual-level

 Age

0.04

0.001***

0.04

0.001***

0.04

0.001***

0.04

0.001***

0.04

0.001***

 Gender

          

 Female

Reference category

       

 Male

0.012

0.03

0.012

0.03

0.012

0.03

0.012

0.03

0.012

0.03

Education

 Primary school

Reference category

       

 Secondary school

0.19

0.03***

0.19

0.03***

0.19

0.03***

0.19

0.03***

0.19

0.03***

 College and above

−0.11

0.05*

−0.11

0.05*

−0.11

0.05*

−0.11

0.05*

−0.11

0.05*

Marital Status

 Never Married

Reference category

       

 Married

1.16

0.04***

1.16

0.04***

1.16

0.04***

1.16

0.04***

1.16

0.04***

 Single

0.74

0.04***

0.74

0.05***

0.74

0.05***

0.74

0.05***

0.74

0.05***

Household Income

 1st Quintile (Poorest)

Reference category

       

 2nd Quintile

0.18

0.039***

0.18

0.039***

0.18

0.039***

0.18

0.039***

0.18

0.039***

 3rd Quintile

0.30

0.039***

0.30

0.039***

0.30

0.039***

0.30

0.039***

0.30

0.039***

 4th Quintile

0.38

0.039***

0.38

0.039***

0.38

0.039***

0.38

0.039***

0.38

0.039***

 5th Quintile (Wealthiest)

0.50

0.039***

0.50

0.039***

0.50

0.039***

0.50

0.039***

0.50

0.039***

OccupationΨ

 High

Reference category

       

 Middle

−0.043

0.057

−0.043

0.057

−0.043

0.057

−0.04

0.057

−0.043

0.057

 Low

− 0.25

0.057***

− 0.25

0.057***

− 0.25

0.057***

− 0.25

0.057***

− 0.25

0.057***

 Elementary

0.16

0.074*

0.16

0.074*

0.16

0.074*

0.16

0.074*

0.16

0.074*

Setting

 Urban

Reference category

       

 Rural

−0.36

0.03***

−0.36

0.03***

− 0.36

0.03***

−0.36

0.03***

−0.36

0.03***

Random effect

 Country

1.8

1.34

1.5

1.23

1.54

1.23

1.62

1.27

1.77

1.33

 Residual

19.60

4.41

19.60

4.43

19.60

4.43

19.60

4.43

19.60

4.43

Fit Indices

 AIC

775,010.0

775,004.2

775,005.4

775,007.5

775,011.7

 BIC

775,225.6

775,229.6

775,230.8

775,232.9

775,237.1

 Log Likelihood

− 387,483.0

−387,479.1

−387,479.7

−387,480.8

−387,482.9

 Deviance

774,966.0

774,958.2

774,959.4

774,961.5

774,965.7

Model Comparison

With model 0

With model 10

With model 12

  

 Chi-sq (df)

5465.3(19)***

10.28(1)**

6.6(1)*

4.5(1)*

0.30(1)

R2

 Country Level R2

0.362

0.468

0.454

0.426

0.372

 Individual-level R2

0.040

0.040

0.040

0.040

0.040

 Total R

0.079

0.092

0.090

0.087

0.080

  1. *p value≤0.05; **p value≤0.01; ***p value≤0.001; β regression coefficient, SE Standard Error, AIC Akaike information criterion, BIC Bayesian information criterion, Chisq Chi Square test, df Degree of freedom; GNI-PPP/10000- National income; Gini- income inequality; UAI-Uncertainty Avoidance; IDV- Individualism, PDI- Power distance, MAS- Masculinity; ΨOccupation categories: High(Legislator, Senior Official, or Manager, Professional, and Armed Forces), Middle(Technician or Associate Professional, Clerk, Service or Sales Worker), Low (Agricultural or Fishery Worker, Craft or Trades Worker, Plant/machine Operator or Assembler), and Elementary (Elementary Workers)
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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