2004–2007 | 2008–2012 | 2013–2015 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aOR | 95%CI | p-value | aOR | 95%CI | p-value | aOR | 95%CI | p-value | ||||
Sex | ||||||||||||
Males | 1 | – | – | <.0001 | 1 | – | – | <.0001 | 1 | – | – | <.0001 |
Females | 1.23 | 1.19 | 1.28 | 1.26 | 1.21 | 1.30 | 1.16 | 1.10 | 1.22 | |||
Age class | ||||||||||||
16–34 | 1 | – | – | <.0001 | 1 | – | – | <.0001 | 1 | – | – | <.0001 |
35–49 | 1.27 | 1.20 | 1.35 | 1.38 | 1.30 | 1.46 | 1.74 | 1.59 | 1.89 | |||
50–64 | 1.04 | 0.97 | 1.10 | 1.07 | 1.01 | 1.14 | 1.43 | 1.31 | 1.56 | |||
65–74 | 0.79 | 0.73 | 0.86 | 0.78 | 0.73 | 0.85 | 1.01 | 0.91 | 1.12 | |||
75+ | 0.69 | 0.64 | 0.75 | 0.61 | 0.56 | 0.66 | 0.71 | 0.63 | 0.79 | |||
Risk of poverty* | ||||||||||||
No | 1 | – | – | <.0001 | 1 | – | – | <.0001 | 1 | – | – | <.0001 |
Yes | 1.54 | 1.47 | 1.61 | 1.70 | 1.63 | 1.78 | 2.21 | 2.09 | 2.34 | |||
Educational level* | ||||||||||||
High | 1 | – | – | <.0001 | 1 | – | – | <.0001 | 1 | – | – | <.0001 |
Medium | 1.10 | 1.05 | 1.16 | 1.29 | 1.23 | 1.35 | 1.53 | 1.45 | 1.63 | |||
Low | 1.19 | 1.13 | 1.26 | 1.29 | 1.22 | 1.36 | 1.62 | 1.51 | 1.75 | |||
Citizenship** | ||||||||||||
Italian | 1 | – | – | <.0001 | 1 | – | – | <.0001 | 1 | – | – | <.0001 |
Foreign national | 1.61 | 1.44 | 1.80 | 1.85 | 1.71 | 2.01 | 2.19 | 1.98 | 2.42 | |||
Chronic disease or severe limitations | ||||||||||||
No | 1 | – | – | <.0001 | 1 | – | – | <.0001 | 1 | – | – | <.0001 |
Yes | 1.87 | 1.79 | 1.95 | 1.75 | 1.67 | 1.82 | 2.12 | 1.99 | 2.25 | |||
Self-perceived health | ||||||||||||
Good | 1 | – | – | <.0001 | 1 | – | – | <.0001 | 1 | – | – | <.0001 |
Not good | 2.55 | 2.43 | 2.67 | 2.85 | 2.72 | 2.99 | 2.66 | 2.50 | 2.84 | |||
Region | ||||||||||||
Piemonte | 1 | – | – | <.0001 | 1 | – | – | <.0001 | 1 | – | – | <.0001 |
Valle d’Aosta | 0.64 | 0.52 | 0.78 | 0.58 | 0.46 | 0.72 | 1.38 | 1.08 | 1.76 | |||
Liguria | 0.85 | 0.74 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.86 | 1.12 | 1.54 | 1.29 | 1.83 | |||
Lombardia | 0.80 | 0.72 | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.79 | 0.98 | 1.46 | 1.25 | 1.71 | |||
Bolzano | 0.79 | 0.66 | 0.94 | 0.74 | 0.61 | 0.90 | 0.87 | 0.60 | 1.27 | |||
Trento | 0.59 | 0.47 | 0.73 | 0.53 | 0.42 | 0.67 | 0.38 | 0.26 | 0.56 | |||
Veneto | 0.87 | 0.78 | 0.98 | 0.76 | 0.68 | 0.86 | 1.07 | 0.89 | 1.27 | |||
Friuli-Venezia Giulia | 0.64 | 0.55 | 0.74 | 0.84 | 0.74 | 0.96 | 1.40 | 1.17 | 1.68 | |||
Emilia-Romagna | 0.89 | 0.80 | 0.99 | 1.03 | 0.92 | 1.15 | 1.95 | 1.67 | 2.28 | |||
Toscana | 1.16 | 1.04 | 1.29 | 1.35 | 1.21 | 1.51 | 1.18 | 0.98 | 1.41 | |||
Umbria | 0.75 | 0.66 | 0.86 | 1.03 | 0.91 | 1.18 | 2.54 | 2.13 | 3.03 | |||
Marche | 1.15 | 1.03 | 1.29 | 1.43 | 1.28 | 1.60 | 3.46 | 2.97 | 4.02 | |||
Lazio | 1.51 | 1.36 | 1.67 | 1.72 | 1.56 | 1.91 | 3.22 | 2.78 | 3.73 | |||
Abruzzo | 1.37 | 1.19 | 1.57 | 2.20 | 1.93 | 2.50 | 3.43 | 2.85 | 4.13 | |||
Molise | 1.62 | 1.40 | 1.87 | 1.54 | 1.33 | 1.78 | 3.35 | 2.72 | 4.12 | |||
Campania | 2.08 | 1.88 | 2.31 | 2.23 | 2.02 | 2.47 | 5.24 | 4.52 | 6.07 | |||
Puglia | 2.58 | 2.33 | 2.87 | 3.39 | 3.07 | 3.75 | 8.21 | 7.09 | 9.50 | |||
Basilicata | 2.14 | 1.88 | 2.43 | 2.04 | 1.79 | 2.32 | 2.35 | 1.89 | 2.91 | |||
Calabria | 2.37 | 2.11 | 2.67 | 2.64 | 2.36 | 2.95 | 5.51 | 4.73 | 6.43 | |||
Sicilia | 1.97 | 1.77 | 2.18 | 2.42 | 2.19 | 2.69 | 3.14 | 2.69 | 3.67 | |||
Sardegna | 1.90 | 1.69 | 2.14 | 1.86 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 4.38 | 3.67 | 5.21 | |||
Educational attainment level by citizenship | ||||||||||||
Medium vs High among Italians | 1.11 | 1.06 | 1.17 | < 0.01 | 1.31 | 1.26 | 1.38 | < 0.01 | 1.59 | 1.49 | 1.69 | <.0001 |
Low vs High among Italians | 1.21 | 1.15 | 1.28 | 1.32 | 1.24 | 1.39 | 1.68 | 1.55 | 1.81 | |||
Medium vs High among foreign national | 0.87 | 0.68 | 1.12 | 0.97 | 0.82 | 1.16 | 1.06 | 0.86 | 1.31 | |||
Low vs High among foreign national | 0.73 | 0.54 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.74 | 1.23 | 1.02 | 0.73 | 1.43 | |||
ICC (95%CI) | 0.063 (0.034–0.106) | 0.072 (0.040–0.126) | 0.132 (0.076–0.221) | |||||||||
Likelihood Ratio Test for goodness of fit | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |