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Table 1 Sociodemographic, clinical, and health seeking behavioral factors among study participants in the 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys (n = 1,889,712)

From: Impact of rurality on diabetes screening in the US

Covariates

Had a test for high blood sugar or diabetes in the past 3 years

 

n

%

Age groups

 Age 18 to 24

100,689

5.3

 Age 25 to 34

189,726

10.0

 Age 35 to 44

228,777

12.1

 Age 45 to 54

317,724

16.8

 Age 55 to 64

420,192

22.2

 Age 65 or older

632,604

33.5

Sex

 Male

785,750

41.6

 Female

1,103,678

58.4

 Refused

284

0.02

Household income

 Less than $15,000

183,236

9.7

 $15,000 to < $25,000

277,192

14.7

 $25,000 to < $35,000

179,594

9.5

 $35,000 to < $50,000

231,180

12.2

 $50,000 or more

718,954

38.1

 Don’t know/Not Sure/Missing

299,556

15.9

Education

 Never attended school or only kindergarten

2567

0.1

 Elementary

50,210

2.7

 Some high school

102,724

5.4

 High school graduate

538,144

28.5

 Some college or technical school

515,485

27.3

 College graduate

672,862

35.6

 Don’t know/Not Sure/Missing

7720

0.4

Race

 White

1,440,751

76.2

 Black

149,875

7.9

 Hispanic

148,645

7.9

 Others (e.g., Asian, American Indian or Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, other race, multiracial)

119,579

6.3

 Don’t know/Not Sure/Missing

30,862

1.6

Marital status

 Married

987,477

52.3

 Divorced

262,439

13.9

 Widowed

246,775

13.1

 Separated

40,139

2.1

 Never married

287,411

15.2

 A member of an unmarried couple

53,181

2.8

 Don’t know/Not Sure/Missing

12,290

0.7

General health

 Excellent

324,669

17.2

 Very good

610,325

32.3

 Good

586,084

31.0

 Fair

257,366

13.6

 Poor

104,880

5.6

 Don’t know/Not Sure/Missing

2836

0.2

Body mass index (BMI) categories

 Underweight (BMI < 18.50)

30,199

1.6

 Normal Weight (18.50 < BMI < 25.00)

578,862

30.6

 Overweight (25.00 < BMI < 30.00)

637,026

33.7

 Obese (30.00 < BMI)

516,432

27.3

 Don’t know/Not Sure/Missing

127,193

6.7

High blood pressure

 Yes

1,124,597

59.5

 No

759,569

40.2

 Don’t know/Not Sure/Missing

5546

0.3

High cholesterol

 Yes

690,184

36.5

 No

958,756

50.7

 Don’t know/Not Sure/Missing

240,772

12.8

Health care coverage

 Yes

1,701,229

90.0

 No

181,308

9.6

 Don’t know/Not Sure/Missing

7175

0.4

Have personal doctor or health care provider

 Yes, only one

1,441,957

76.3

 More than one

151,065

8.0

 No

289,610

15.3

 Don’t know/Not Sure/Missing

7080

0.4

Metropolitan Status Code

 In the center city of an MSA (MSCODE 1)

(Unadjusted prevalence of high blood sugar or diabetes testing: 67.2%)

417,136

22.1

 Outside the center city of an MSA but inside the county containing the center city (MSCODE 2)

(Unadjusted prevalence of high blood sugar or diabetes testing: 66.6%)

231,483

12.3

 Inside a suburban county of the MSA (MSCODE 3)

(Unadjusted prevalence of high blood sugar or diabetes testing: 66.6%)

163,367

8.7

 In an MSA that has no center city (MSCODE 4)

(Unadjusted prevalence of high blood sugar or diabetes testing: 64.4%)

3901

0.2

 Not in an MSA (MSCODE 5)

(Unadjusted prevalence of high blood sugar or diabetes testing: 64.7%)

410,620

21.7

 Don’t know/Not Sure/Missing

663,205

35.1

  1. MSA Stands for metropolitan statistical area